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BIBLIOTHECA ABESSINICA
BIBLIOTHECA ABESSINICA
STUDIES CONCERNING THE
LANGUAGES, LITERATURE AND HISTORY
OF ABYSSINIA
EDITED DY
Dr. E. LITTMANN
I.
THE LEGEND OF THE QUEEN OF
SHEBA IN THE TRADITION OF AXUM
BY THE EDITOR.
LEYDEN
E. J. BRILL
PRINCETON, N. J.
THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
1904.
c
ANDOVKK-HARVARn
Theological Lib:i/i^y
MAY 2 2 1912
HARVAPn
Divinity S .h'«'m.
H^4-\>^<^''
PRINTED BY B. J. BRILL, LEYDBN (HOLLAND).
R. SUNDSTROM
MISSIONARY AND SCHOLAR.
CONTENTS.
Page
Preface VII
I. The Legend: text and translation i
II. Notes on the Legend 14
The legends of the dragon and of the saints 17
The journey of the Queen of Sheba to Solomon and her return to
Abyssinia 31
Menelik^s journey to Jerusalem 34
The story of the ark 37
PREFACE.
Under the title Bibliotheca Abessinica I hope to publish
from time to time studies concerning the languages, the
literatures and the history of Abyssinia. Each part will appear
separately, not at fixed intervals, but whenever material is
available and time for this work is at my disposal. The publi-
cation of this series has been made possible by the gene-
rosity of a friend of Princeton University and by the
enterprise of the well-known publishing house of E. J. BRILL.
To both I am therefore sincerely indebted.
Special attention will be paid to the languages and litera-
tures of modern Abyssinia, a promising and interesting field,
in which much still remains to be done, although of course
the Gc^cz literature and language as well as the older history
of the country are not to be excluded. The future numbers
will probably contain an English translation of the Chronicle
of King Theodore of Abyssinia, editions and translations of
the ancient Amharic Songs of the Kings, of Harari wedding
songs, and of a collection of Tigre poetry. If possible, I
shall also publish a grammar and a dictionary of the Tigre
language.
For much of the material to be published in this series
I am indebted to the man to whom this first number is
dedicated, my friend R. SUNDSTROM of the Swedish Mission
in the Colonia Eritrea. It is largely due to his indefatigable
zeal in studying the people, to whom he brings a higher
life and religion, that I have been encouraged to undertake
this publication.
X PREFACE.
Toward the end of the year 1902 he sent me the text
which is published here: I began to work on it at once,
but found that without some further explanations from Herr
SundstrOm several passages were unintelligible to me. I
therefore sent him a copy of the manuscript and a tentative
German translation, and after a time received back my copy
together with a number of emendations and comments, and
a translation of the whole in Swedish. Some differences
between the first and the second copy and some of Herr
SundstrOm's comments (marked S.) are given in the foot-notes.
Concerning the provenance of the legend Herr SundstrOm
writes me, as follows: *The man who told me the story is
of the Bet-Dyuk, a Tigrg tribe in the valley of the Anseba
river, an hour north of Cheren. This man himself heard it
told at Axum, when he was there seeking cure of a disease,
from which he was suffering. But the man who wrote the
story down for me at Gheleb is one of our evangelists of
the Mensa tribe. The dialect of the Bet-Dyuk, however, is
the same as that of the Mensa. It is very possible that the
narrator changed the story in some respects according to
his own ideas. Whether the appearance of Mary and the
saints at the time of Solomon is due only to a mistake of
the narrator, I can not state: the same is to be said of the
mention of the cross, of the ark and the deacon at that
time. It seems that the story was correctly reported, since
it is told in almost the same way in Hamazen. While tra-
velling through this region I was shown the place where
the Queen of Sheba is said to have given birth to her son.
Not far from a village, Addi-Schmagali, a few hours north-
west from Asmara, a large piece of gneiss rock is shown
where the event is said to have occurred."
In my notes on the legend which form the second part
PREFACE. XI
of this number I have tried to trace the different elements
of this interesting story, but have not aimed at abso-
lute completeness. It should be mentioned, however, that
after the main part of this number was printed my friend
Dr. CONTI Rossini called my attention to two versions of
the present legend which had escaped my notice: the one,
translated from the Arabic, was published by M. E. Am6-
LiNEAU on pp. 144 — 164, of his Contes et Romans deV&gypte
Chretienne, Paris 1888, under the title ^Comment le royaume
de David passa aux mains du roi d^Abyssinie ; the other was
reported by Captain R. Perini in La Rassegna Nazionale. The
former agrees with the Tigre version in several respects,
and among other details it mentions the fact that the Queen
of Sheba had a goat's hoof, of which deformity she was healed in
Jerusalem; Perini's version is inaccessible to me. Again a
short account of the legend is given in La lista reaU di Enda
YohanneSy on p. 3 of Dr. CONTi RossiNl's Ricordi di un
soggiorno in Eritrea, Asmara, 1903, which appeared after my
manuscript had been sent to the printers. Dr. CONTi ROS-
SINI himself, who during his residence in the Colonia Eritrea
made very extensive and important explorations notwith-
standing his many official duties, collected interesting material
concerning our legend also; he writes me that it is known
everywhere in Northern Abyssinia among many different tribes
and peoples, and therefore exists in a number of slightly
different versions. His new material will undoubtedly con-
tribute much toward the legend of the Abyssinian Queen
of Sheba.
Princeton University, January 1904.
E. LITTMANN.
I. THE LEGEND: TEXT AND TRANSLATION.
1. hr" 1 "Jl-A 1 *"A.A.h 1 1-'7/.f.-l- 1 ;!• I pA"7 • li-l'f- • h
It'll n M'^i'f. i X1A > fh-L' > hftOA'l* > AfloA*!! i ') OhOh I
fflAC'P'V.1- • AJiA I *) Of.fi I OAiD* 1 llA i XVA i ^T?" i X-O •
•hC • +<£• • Ji^A I AhAUA^ i fl»Al- • •nh<. i fflX-J+A?" i =>)
«^A 1 ©X'H-A?" I AA.'rt I 09-n I OAiD* » a. hli-l-p. i Mt-ll i
Xfl-y • ©X"? I +Clf ^ • ^1 I (MfHil- 1 JilA I AKAUA-I* i
Tt'l* « Ji'fc I dtfi.'l* « M/.'P a fflX-l' I AK»i1 1 VP' I KAC'l- : h;'- «
AOA'l* 1 ftai.'T « ihfL' I An-d i ♦^•A •*) 0DXrX<0« i h^ilAo)* •
>»;»• « 3. <»X;»' I o-n-'if I li'l' I M-f 9" • U;»' 1 nh.-!* i h9"
1 1 AdJ^-O*} I rh* 1 *T<:T* 1 h-f-r" a ID»I** I +T<:1- 1 h-f-V" I
/JiA^ I AOA I ht^i-dah I iDU;»- 1 ^;^ « JiACl- » ') dh'P •
hTAXA
!y" r >,i
f- • lUAOH a 4. mti:*' 1 "Ji'!?" • XV 1" -tA-^ a <'h7i'7A •
I) First copy M'^'h. 2) First copy Othl'ttC 1 AKA*.
3) Original gloss Jkl+A^" I A*?^ I Ifl;*' • "I* a About the siie of a
7(1^ see Guidi, Vocaittario Amarica-Italiano s. v.
4) First copy 0oA}l1flf *l* ; this was changed to (IdAXII. In an an-
notation S. writes: "-Efttr senare underrdtUlser birdet vara: AfhA i 4*^«A»
ech ej imAhll-"
5) S.:ferkorladt: XAC'l* I X'l* I M^ a Jf^«/ A«»A subjtktit V^'
ej vara utsalt.
6) First copy: 0oAhlfl.
HOW KING SOLOMON BEGAT KING MENELIK.
1. King Menelik's mother was a Tigre girl named Etiye-
Azeb '). And [in her days] the Tigrg people were worshipping
a dragon, and the sacrifice which they brought [to him] was
the following: each man among them gave in turn his first-
born daughter and an entalam *) of mead and an entaldm *)
of milk to the dragon. 2. Now when the turn of Etiye-Azgb's
parents came, they tied her to a tree for the dragon. And to
the place where she was tied to the tree came seven saints')
and seated themselves there in the shade. 3. And while they
were sitting there in the shade, she began to weep, and one
of her tears fell upon them. And when [this tear] had fallen
upon them, they looked up and beheld her tied there, and
they asked her saying: *What art thou? Art thou Mary*) or
a human being?" 4. And she answered them: 'I am a human
being." They said to her: "And why art thou bound here?"
1) In English "Queen of the South", i. c., "Queen of Sheba"
2) This measure equab about 300 liters.
3) Var.: angels.
4) Var.: an angel.
4
*l I htii, I i-hACXu I" lUAT »««-/• XftUAl- • MA . 1-n
AOi • MdmX •" -fcA-^ a 5- U-f »• • «>iA. • r^ I AftlhA
6. flih^ 1 <:M» I Xfl I tti.rh*7 1 XrAflo- « x-flm • loXn « 7A i hiHs •
Mf- 1 nj5*<: I iniiw « !»;»• • hhK-floo^ a *? t XiAi XCh.*!*^ • * « 1"'M* «' -fcA-y a OiU
^r I ^.cn • irtflH I <»"7|s,'i-> I R'jji-f-jr a lo. m'^f.-v^ i
h9» • R-JA-f?" i «JiA • -ITf^*" • U;H^ • <:fl. • mKO^f » *l «
idT+I* I 9^ •' fl^fl** • h?f f flofl* a ma •
00 o ,
l) S.: uttalas lar'ebhl ^ fldtor gaende fran pannan bakat nacken^ tatt hg-
gande vid hufvudsvalen^ i. e., braids going from the forehead backwards to
the neck, lying close to the skin.
"They have bound me in order that that dragon may devour
me/' said she. 5. They asked her: "Is he on the other
side of the hill or on this side?" "He is [the hill]" was her
answer. 6. And when they saw him, Abba-Cahama grasped
his beard'), and Abba Garlma said: "He has frightened
me*)," and Abba Mentellt said: "Let us seize him')" and
running he threw himself upon him and smote him. There-
upon all of them attacked him and struck him with the
cross and killed him. 7. And when they were killing him,
blood trickled on her, and it dropped on her heel, and her
heel became an ass's heel. 8. After that they freed her and
said unto her: "Go now to thy village." And when she
came to her village, the people of her village not knowing
that the dragon was dead, drove her away. Outside of the
village she climbed a tree and stayed there over night.
9. The next day she went [back] to them saying: "Come
ye, and let me shew you that he is dead." So they follow-
ed her, and [the dragon] appeared lying dead before them.
10. And when they saw him lying dead, they said: "Let us
make her [our] chief! For if God had not given this to her,
how could [the dragon] have met his death through her?",
and they made her their chief. And after she had become
chief, she made a girl like herself [her] minister.
11. Thereupon she heard that [the following] was reported :
In Jerusalem there is a king named Solomon; whosoever
goes to him, is cured of the disease which he has. 12. "If
thou shouldst go, as soon as thou shouldst enter his door,
thy foot would become as it was before" was said to her.
13. After she had heard this, she braided her hair so that
.she resembled a man; [and her minister did the same]. Then
i) Play on words ; in TigrC {ifAifmU, 2) garramanU
3} nihnanSfala,
At o 14- fl»h*° • W1- • "itil « AAflo-1 1 A^O » ""JT-A i h
AA I '^X'X I IIA i' n>A9" n a>Ui: • 'VL* i HA- •" fl>A s ai1fl9"A
A 1 floX-K'T- 1 hAKiC.'!- 1 h^ • fcW* i A?i'7^ i Inr * tt^a- •
K4>flA^ a 15- fl»M* • "JT-A I h-kfr t athfLU' i VAM- a h'J
-hA I "hni- i^) A;> • ai<^A • X9"j;.}i •" fl>A i hX'7A • A-fl
Ard I i'OlAHH a atht • AHA^d t Ui*^ t hrQ • hJ^A^ • ih-X: i
*"•} 1 V-fli!- 1 n AO^ I (Dih'f: 1 9^ 1 AA+^ 1 A1'^ a atMl-h i
T'-hHnf'J • XTAft- • K-JA • ll^ 1 +1 a l6. hf'f.'C t tl?" i
0oA I "O^i-** • X'SA* I hh'i i» fl>A Kd^^AI* i hif: t ht- •
A't I n.1* • X^AOH I hfirr a 17. iDlHs I +Cni- 1 PC •
VAX 1 hVT* • An.-!* I fl*A^ • mr^ * -tdit 1 lliht 1 h<: • X
A I hmC*f i m4> 1 X'7A • i:flA a 18. hui: • Alin 1 9n •
1-ah • Ad7;Ms • <«.nni I ID+'JX I ?^ « TiXh I ?lf^ I A-flA- 1
OAa ig. hAA. • X^ I AAhn I IH: 1 4'A) • hAd'»;l'4: t ^If i
A^ a "h*^ • f-fii • All-fl i"
InK? I VI* • A'AA • lli: I AmO I hAA1;M: • ?r9° i KflA a mV
+•> I " Ahfl I iJt?" •» n.A^ • h?^ I hliiht • AHiA^ a fliU* •
hood 1 n** 1 KTAJt I K'JA 1 h^ I •^'^ a 20. hhlfii • hA
A,+'> • Vhi • fl»y"AA'> I flhn a ifiA • r^t t « Ax-fl • fiv^ •
* •» lUV^U* a aiX'7A • hA i ITi'i • X?1- 1 atc¥ i maoCmf: i
iinfl I h«a»A1- • IM- I 9n I l-flX I XA i X?1- 1 mC* i "h
If- 1 R'flm^ I tf'KhX « fl»A«l1 1 IX I f^ I lHh I XA. 1 4ID
Cmjt- • X**/^ • x-flm I A9»X-Xi i» fl.A1 a iD-nA-l: « Xlt-n •
r'i'ft' • 1*Hfl.'l* I mMf- • 09»A^ I A>i1 1 K4>nA^ a
i) Original copy V"!!^ "meal in general"; S. adds that tiii%^ would
be better.
she and her minister girded themselves with saber[s] and
went away. 14, When she was approaching. King Solomon
heard [of her]; it was said to him: *The King of Abyssinia
is coming." "Bid him enter!" said he. And when she came,
as soon as she entered the door, her foot became as it was
before. 15. And she entered to the king and grasped his
hand, [greeting him]. The king ordered: ^firing bread, meat
and mead!", and they sat down to eat. And while they
were eating, the [women] out of modesty ate (little of the
meal) and drank little (of the beverage). So the king suspected
that they were women. 16. When it grew evening, he gave
order: *Make their beds for them!", and in one and the
s^me room [with him] they made them, one opposite the
other. 17. And he took a skin with honey and hung it up
in the room, and he put a bowl under it; also he made a
hole in it (i. e., the skin), so that it would trickle. 18. Now it
was his custom, when he was sleeping, to keep his eyes
half open, and when he was awake, to close them. 19. At
night, while they were resting, he fell asleep, and his eyes
were half open. And the women said: *He does not sleep;
he sees [us]. When will he sleep?" While they spoke thus,
he awoke, and closed his eyes. "Now he has fallen asleep"
they said and began to lick from the bowl. So he knew
[certainly] that they were women. 20, And he approached
them both and slept with them. Each one of them said to him:
•My deflowering has been accomplished ')." And he gave
each one of them a staff of silver and a ring, saying unto
them: "If it is a girl, let her take this staff of silver and
come to me; and if it is a boy, let him take this ring and
come to me." And the Queen of the South bought a mirror.
And being [both] with child they returned to their country,
i) LiteraUy: This means the purification from my flowers.
21. iDhAA.'hl I hAlw> • AJll « ojAA^ a hh^ « oOid' »
rt-n I 1-7^JB. I "OHAJt I Kn^ « AhAfl^ • -f *" «" fl.AiD« • mV
■f *• I X'^'f ^ « 'l-flXAaH a oiX'^'f ^ i "Xn-h**" I "JTA • A
Aflp-1 1 * 1 M- 1 f <-AA.^ 1 IIA i' lUA^irir 8 22. h'J^A'I: I
KlL-fl 1 AidA'i I htt'ih I ooAA t 'l*^^ I X-fl « A-fl*' « M* « *>
T-A 1 AAoo**} « ^^il a fli-tA- i «idAP> • Kfl'h i XAh i «ii»AA •
hXA I «ii»04«.|i1* » X"*/^ « lAKh • XA ! U* I flAk^flJ^ » ') * «
A-1*rhnA I * • f^h • mhlPi I •fldfr « X-l* « 0<5-1* 1 9^ « X**
fhh I AA^ I A.'fcnA- 1" 'L-A- a 23. iDU-f »• I XAh 1 f <-AA.
^ I lAoH a ffllif* I M*iD« I "it'll « AAiio-1 i " ah\X, • iXfl** «
9^ I I'nK i A'AC i aifi' 1" X'>^ > n>A I AAA 1 «hA 1 hAK • 9°
*r^ I MAjfc « Al-<:Xf-»" a 24. iDrhA i ho* I AAA • Tiao-fs 1 Xl/?. i h<: • ?f7'%.-> 1 A-AA •
lDAO^i: I ?»CT I f^ « AK'Sflo- 1 M'lA 1 h;l' » hM* • PC » »)
AX9<«A I ah a 25. iDtl^ i h-t-Oh 1 Alljl 1 XA. > AX?A > X
1- 1 M^t • ^A-^ I VAX 1 ai^A.A.lfl I A+ I l-h I nT<: i hh
•n • A0dO<{.j&^ I IX. I <:K I ailFi^> A'n<.iMX«X*afl»?»1*«
1nA*9" I 'VoiAn I tDihUi- 1 A0OAA I K£litt « 26. airhC I
AAoD''} • X'A > ;>(? I AKJ^ • lA • KA.
U- 1 VAK a lDA^^lO''^ I "(DAP* 1 IDf: « X«7'»P« 1 iDt^f,ao 1 IDA
fU I i: I ](;-) I 7X * J^X.ti1 1" fl>A I hT- 1 (LA a
27. hKfl*(^ I « A^j&l* I K'T* « iciii- • nx-i* 1 9n > l-ah i
nOA • MCO^ I AA^Iil* • A^A-n r n.A a II* I A+ i AA I
I) S. : 'mSita klok".
a) Original gloss: PC « flUAl" i V^ « flOAl* • * a S.. ;»!?
tigrina ock JT^ /»;pri = uthut fir djur ; vanligen bygdt vSgg i vSgg med
o o
boningshuset^ sa at dorren v<ar inat dei samma^ i. e., side-building for ani-
mals, usually built wall to wall with the dwelling-house, so that the door
opens into the latter.
21. And both of them gave birth to a son. When the
boys were grown, the Tigre people said: "They are father-
less children." And they asked their mothers. And their
mothers answered them: "Your father is King Solomon; he
lives in Jerusalem." 22. And the son of the Queen of the
South resembled his father perfectly, [even] in his colour
he was like King Solomon. Now she said to him: "My son,
thy father resembles thee. Take this mirror and go [to him];
for he is very shrewd : he will hide himself from thee. And if
thou seest another man sitting on the throne, do not greet
him!" 23. Then they went to Jerusalem. And when they
arrived. King Solomon said: "If they are my sons, let them
wait!" So he stayed away from them three years, without
showing himself to them. 24. After these three years he
said: "Let them come in"; but he had taken off his royal
garment and dressed himself in rags; and on his throne he
had seated one of his people, and he [himself] had gone
into the stable. 25. And when they entered, the other boy
grasped the hand of the man who was sitting on the throne,
[to greet him]: but Menelik stood [still and] straight and
looked at his face in the mirror and [saw that] the man's
colour was not like his. Then he turned in all [directions],
but did not find any one whose colour was like his. 26. After
a while Solomon looked out from the stable: [at once Me-
nelik] went to him and took his hand [to greet him]. Then
said Solomon: "[Thou art] my true son; the other is my son
too, but he is a fool *)", and he seated himself on his throne.
27. Now his father used to say: "If cattle enter into
a[nothcr man's] field, let the proprietor of the field con-
fiscate the cattle!" But he said: "Let the proprietor of
1} S.: en dumsnut.
lO
dn>A * M/)ih I nOA I AlCll'l* i" n>A • MKO • "/h^^'l- • h
he: • t-tifAt I" Mf- « n.A M 28. aj«h#y • A-n • ojt 1 M* •
A-H-A I niCOiD- 1 «hXC I hAM- • a^^ I ttrifP • M"? i
XA. I (DtiM. 1 0^ I •>Jt■^ 1 f^*? «" ftAOH a h'i'bh I Uf" i
'hlao'i. I h"7 1 a»h»» I l«Wfi I hA7iAh«»» i' n.A-»" « «'7«^ i"
n>AP* 8 mh'Ofii I aiA4. I XAKAf* I 'id Ah • '>jl'ik 1 9^V *
Mf- I fl>AiiH I mCOoh I A:^ i hllAoH n XtL < <^ • ^A. i"
n.A- a 29. Ui: I fif. I n.A- i 'hlM t OA-JF" i X¥«id i ©Jt i
•flhCP. I * 1 KW 1 a»l^' I -OhCh**" « UCA 1 *"AA' « flA-^ i»
fl>A* a mhltti I X'7A • AOA- • fl>A ! "hX? • mS^ i •fllnC^ :
* I K^*^ 1 J»">+*"«»» « m^ 1 •nhch-9" i iicA « J'AA' i» fl.A-
9* a fli«h,c 1 ;»• r ftAiD* I ailriA 1 »»T^ • oj/^* t -olfK- « o<:A 1
JTAA-a
30. mAAoD-*} 1 li'A 1 K^A I mM' 1 ".^n-l* 1 9Tflh.A i
IAK •" n.A- a iH: • 015. i A;»-n1* i "7C:^9' • *AX • h AQA . A
;»'n1- 1 ICfr • MA • A;»-Ii1- • nnh.A • KAflA^ • mMf. •
»^fl^.Al^•7A•"7c^9••h;^fl*l^'^/'.lVA^«^Aa 31. h*
41 I 1A. I K9*%A^ I f 4*AA>9' I oiAidA i h'fl i KflA^ a oiAA
flp.*} i «;^^^• I '^c^^ I <:ha»' 1" n>A • mn » ^J^ah i -ua.-!- i"
(kAoH I Mf^ 1 4'A'A > A AQA i A.'H < 9°'} i ^Koi' a iH-* • Uf. i
"^Adfl* I h^KoH i" lUA-iP" I i i^hoh «
;»"n'> I JTfllbA I X"**!!* »• a A • >U^^ I IH: • Xn a 32. hM* • +
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I) Fiwt copy IDli*IHi%'U. S. : ^HI'V.'T *'*'' '''' barnsfraket. Onlcl
htter «|MlA'l* »
13
he (i. c.y Mcnciik) said: "Dig him up and lay his body in a
coffin;" and they dug him up and laid his body in a coffin.
33. But when they would have marched onward, [the ark]
could not yet ') be lifted. And again he said: *Dig up",
and they dug up and found his finger [sticking out of the
coffin]. So they put it within the coffin.
34. Thereupon the ark was lifted, and they went on and
entered Tigray. And after they had entered Tigray, they
came to Axum. Now Satan was building a house in order
to fight against God. But when they said: *Mary has come
to thee", he destroyed it and left it. 35, [There was] one
big stone [which] he had raised in order to carry it, but
when they said: "She has come to thee", he left it and
went away. And with those stones with which he had been
building, they built a church for Mary. But the big stone is
standing [there] upright even today.
1) T.itcrnlly: refused again.
II. NOTES ON THE LEGEND.
The story of the Queen of Sheba, as we find it in this
modern form, contains a number of different elements, the
majority of which however must have been connected with
this legend for many centuries. It is undoubtedly based on
the same tradition that found its literary expression in Chap-
ters XIX sqq. of the famous Kebra Nagast '). But here, as
Rosch has very justly stated in Jahrb, /.protest. TheoL 1880,
p. 555, the story is told from the standpoint of a rational-
istic purism, whereas in this new Tigre version we find some
traits which seem to be more original than those in the
Kebra Nagasti these elements, to my mind, have been handed
down partly by oral tradition and must have been known
in Abyssinia even at the time when the literary rationalistic
version was composed, and only to a very small extent they
may have been influenced later by Arabic legends concern-
ing Queen Bilqls. At the same time the whole has been
interwoven with several local Abyssinian traditions, which
probably belonged originally to different cycles of legends.
But everything has been put here in chronological order
and arranged according to a certain system, which, although
being in itself as anachronistic as possible, has produced a
i) Professor Bezold*8 edition and translation of this important work is now
in the press.
15
natural sequence of the events and thus given to the story
the appearance of being a single connected narrative.
The Tigre legend agrees with the story of the Kebra
Nagast in the following points: i) The "Queen of Sheba"
or the "Queen of the South" ') was an Abyssinian princess.
It is known that in popular tradition the court of this queen
was connected with a certain locality in the province of
Tigre, called Dabra Makeda *). 2) The Queen of Sheba while
in Jerusalem slept with Solomon in the same room where
their marriage was consummated. In the Kebra Nagast
Solomon puts a vessel with water in the room; from this
the queen drinks and thus breaks her oath not to touch
any of the King's property, so that in turn Solomon becomes
free of his oath not to touch her. This episode is probably
reflected in the skin with honey which according to the
present version Solomon hangs up in the room; but the
purpose of this incident has been changed, since another
trait, viz. the distinction between male and female, (see
below) has been introduced. However, our story is partly
in close keeping with the Kebra Nagast with regard to the
description of the events of this night. This will be shown
by the following parallel columns:
Tigre- Version,
Vs. 16. ... and in one and the
same room they made them
(viz., their beds), one oppo-
site the other.
Vs. 19. And the women said:
1^/**+ I hlli'fl = *i Pflttf-iA/tf-tf-fli TO0 yrfrow; cf. Matth. 12:42; Luke
II :3i.
2) Cf. Praetorius, Fabula de regina Sabaea apud Aethiopei^ p. 29, ann. 3.
Kebra Nagast.
Ch. 30 : 5 ... and the king
ascended on his bed on one
side, and for her they pre-
pared a bed on the other
side.
i6
"He does not sleep; he sees
us. When will he sleep?"
While they spoke thus, he
awoke and closed his eyes.
"Now he has fallen asleep"
they said.
Ch. 30 : 7. ... and she looked
at the king Solomon, and
it seemed to her that he
was sound asleep.
3) When the Queen departed, Solomon gave her his ring
as a token for her son, if she should bring forth a male
child. This is of course a very common feature of folktales,
and many parallels could be cited from other literatures.
4) The son of the Queen, Menelik, went back to Jerusalem
and when leaving his father to return to Abyssinia, he took
many of the noble Hebrew youth with him. 5) The "ark"
of the temple of Jerusalem was stolen by Menelik and
brought to Axum. The details about this theft, about Mary's
ark and Michael's ark, which do not occur in the Kebra
Nagast, probably contain old tradition, but they seem to be
a later addition to this story.
As regards the differences between the Tigrg legend and
the Kebra Nagast^ the mere presence of the ass's heel
shows us that the person of the Queen in the former has
preserved some very ancient traits. Furthermore we notice
that several cycles of Abyssinian legends have contributed
to make up the present form: i) the legend of the dragon
or serpent; 2) the legend, or rather partly historical tradi-
tion of the seven — originally nine — saints; 3) the legend
of the buildings and obelisks at Axum. Of these, as we shall
see below, nos. i and 2 have been connected with each
other for at least 400 or 500 years; but it is here that we
find both of them in connection with the story of the Queen
of Sheba for the first time.
17
The legends of the dragon and of the saints.
(Verses i — lo).
The legends and myths of dragons and serpents are
common to almost all peoples of the world. I need scarcely
cite all the Indo-European parallels; for it is well known
that from India to Ireland almost everywhere the dragon
plays a great rdle in folklore. Usually the dragon receives
maidens as tribute, or he himself carries off the girls of the
country: then a hero comes and kills the monster. As to
the details in these legends it may suffice to quote Grimm,
Deutsche Mythologies Hcrlin 1876, pp. 569 sqq., 817 sq., 833
sq.; Mannhardt, Wald- und Feldkulte^ II, Berlin 1877, PP-
S3 sqq. Very instructive are the two Afghan tales published
by P. Lerch in Orient und Occident I, pp. 751 — ^4 as Ein
Beitrag zu den Localsagen fiber Drachenkdmpfe. Also in China
and Mexico dragon stories are very common.
Among the Semitic peoples dragons and serpents have
always been very prominent in mythology and in folklore.
The Babylonian dragon myth ') is well known: it is even
reflected in many passages of the Old and New Testaments.
Moreover the serpents have been very important in the
demonology of Semitic heathendom ^). In Abyssinia espe-
cially, with Semitic as well as with Kushitic peoples, we
find a great many superstitions relating to serpents. Many
of them have been reported by Paulitschke in his various
works on the peoples in southern North-East Africa. Further-
more Cecchi ^) tells us that when the pilgrims of the Galla sect
i) Cr. (!bcync in Jifuyf/opucifta Jiib/icn I, coll. I131 — 34.
2) Cf. among others Noldcke, Die Schlatige nach arabischetn Volksglanben
in Zeiisckr. f, Vo/kerpsychol, u. Sprachwiss, I, pp. 412 sqq.; Encyclop, Bibl,
IV s. V. Serpents; Wellhausen, Rcste arabischen Heidentums\ pp. 152 sqq.
3) Fiinf Jakre in Ostafrika (German translation) p. 50.
i8
of Abba Muda arrive at the cave of their chief, where he
lives with the serpent, they first offer with prayers a sacri-
ficial meal to the serpent and then receive Abba Muda*s
blessing. All this belongs to the religious sphere and might
more or less be called a cult of serpents. But the best known
Abyssinian serpent legend is the one of King Arwe ("ser-
pent"), whom the people place at the beginning of their
history, in a similar way as the first king of Edessa is said
to be the son of a serpent, fti*eui is •coioK' *)• Here the
tradition applies, as it were, to the political sphere. But
the two spheres are by no means kept separate. In almost
all forms, in which we know this tradition, we hear not
only that Arwe was king, but also that the people wor-
shipped him. Thus LudolFs Ethiopic friend Gregorius told
him: traditionem aniiquam inter sues esse vetustissimos Aethi-
opum ingenUm scrpentem pro Deo coltiisse: atquc hinc esse,
quod quidam Arwaeum pro primo Rege habeant : ilium autem
a quodam KlPO : Angabo occisutn, qui ob audax hoc f acinus
Rex creatus, successores habuerit Sabanutum et Gedurum \
It is therefore interesting to note also that in the Tigre
Version vs. i the first copy said Al*7ll"}i "were ruled by",
which in the second was changed to AiidA«}| * worshipped
him", and that here the dragon (KflUA'l*) is female \ This
legend of the King Serpent at the beginning of Abyssinian
history is given in Ethiopic sources as well as by European
travellers. Of the former may be mentioned here: the lists
of Abyssinian kings published by Dillmann in Z.D.M.G., VII,
pp. 341 sqq., and the chronicle published with translation
i) Duval, Histoire d^&desse^ pp. 21, 31, 37 sq.
2) Ludolf, His tor ia Aetkiopica L. II. c. 2.
3) Cf. W. H. Ward in Amer. Journ, of Sem, Lang, and Litt.^ Jan. 1898,
pp. 94 sqq.
19
and very copious notes by Basset, in his lltudes sur Vhistoire
d*£tkwpie '). For the latter see the interesting discussion of
^A lenda da Arve^ by F. M. E. Pereira in his Historia dos
Mar tyres de Nagran, Lissabon 1899, pp. L sqq.
It seems to me that that version which places Arwe at
the beginning of the history of Abyssinia is the most ori-
ginal one, and that in later times popular Christian tradition
tried to connect this old legend in some way with Christian
personalities so that the deliverance of the nation from the
great evil should be owed to Christian heroes. In exactly
the same way the Afghan story of the dragon makes the
Muhammedan hero AH the slayer of the monster and thus
the deliverer of the country ^). For this purpose the Christian
Abyssinians chose the nine saints, who came to the country
about the year 500 A. D., to develop Christianity there,
and about whose names many legends grew up in the sequel.
Their names are as follows: i) Za-MikSl'el AragSlwI; 2) Pan-
taloon; 3) Isaac Garlnia; 4) Afse; 5) Goba; 6) Alef, some-
times called ^ds; 7) Mata^ or Yem^ata; 8) Liqanos; 9) §ehnia.
The first three are the best known and most renowned;
indeed, as far as we know, the vitae of these three only are
extant: the vita of Aragawl was published by Guidi, that
of Pantaleon is contained in a manuscript of the d'Abbadie
collection, that of Garlma was edited by Conti Rossini.
Again two of the first three and, curiously enough, the
last one are given by name in the Tigre legend; for I do
not hesitate to identify Abba Mentelit (vs. 6), the saint who
first struck the dragon, with Abba PanfaleDn, and I believe
i) Cf. especially the first annotation [Journ. Asiatique^ VII"* S^ric, Tome
17, 1881, p. 414).
2) See P. Lerch, Orient und Occident^ I, p. 753. Many parallels to this
occurrence might be quoted from other countries.
20
that the transformation of this name to Mnitetlt may be
due only to popular etymology [nllmanatala^ see above p. 5).
More particulars about the nine saints are to be found in an
article published by Dillmann, *Zur Geschichte des Axumiti-
schen Reiches im 4.. — 6. Jabrhnnderf '), pp. 24 — 27. That
most of these monks or saints came very probably from
Syria, perhaps by the way of Southern Arabia, was shown
by Guidi, Le Traduzioni degli Evangeli in Arabo e in Etio-
pico^ Rome 1888, p. 33, annot, and by Hackspill inZeitschr.
/. AssyrioL XI, pp. 153 sqq.
The reason why these nine saints were made the delive-
rers from the serpent does not seem to be accidental. For
it is not only very natural that men, who were as famous
as these should be considered performers of almost every
great deed, but we know also that in the lives of Abyssi-
nian saints snakes and serpents occur very often. Thus for
instance in the life of Za-MTk5'el AragawT, one of the leaders
of these very nine saints, we read that a serpent sixty cubits
long carried the saint up to a high mountain *). That Arwe
was killed through the intervention of the nine saints, is
mentioned several times in Abyssinian literature. One of
these passages is a hymn in honour of Za-Mlku'el AragfiwT,
which is given by Ludolf in his Historia Aethiopica L. III.
c. 3, and of which I enclose here a translation:
Hail to Mlk2*?l, who was called AragSwi:
For he walked in wisdom and his ways were prudence ;
With him was [God], who is [trijune (in one nature).
Hail to the saints, who united in concord,
By prayer to destroy the reign of ArwS.
\) AbhandL Berl. Akad, 1880.
2) Guidi, // ^Gadla AragAwV\ Roma, Ace. dei Lincei, 1895, p. 16; small
edition, ib. 1896, pp. ffl^ sqq.
21
The most detailed form, however, in which this legend
occurs is found in the homily on Abba Garlma, the edition
of which we owe to the zeal of Dr. Conti Rossini '). Since
the editor of this interesting document has attached no trans-
lation to his publication, I give here an English rendering
of the passage in question, which is found on pp. 153 — 159
(lines 123 — 284):
"And while they (viz., the nine saints) were in this situ-
ation, a certain governor of Aksum came to them and
spoke to them saying: 'There is a large serpent, and he is
king over the land Ethiopia, and all governors worship him.
And they give him as his tribute a virgin of great beauty:
they anoint and adorn her and bring her to the *) serpent
and leave her alone. Then the *) serpent devours her.
And they have been in this condition for 13 (var. 15; per-
haps SiDg instead of ^iDg) years. And the length of this
serpent is 170 cubits, and his bredth is 4 cubits, and his teeth
measure one cubit. And his eyes resemble a fiery flame, and
his eyebrows are black as a raven, and his whole body is
like lead and iron. And when he drinks, 107 measures do
not suffice him; and they bring him as his food every day
ID cows and 10 bulls, 1000 goats, 100 sheep and ten thou-
sands of ten thousands of birds; and he has a horn on him
3 cubits long ^). And when he walks, his noise is heard for
an eight days' journey.' And when the brethren heard this,
they wondered and were astonished and amazed, and they
i) VOmilia (it Yohannes^ vescovo iCAksum^ in honore di Garimd^ in Acttt
tin XI' Cotigrh Intern, ties Oricntalisies^ Paris 1898, Sect. IV, pp. 139—177.
2) |ll*}|'l* seems to be used here as an article, probably influenced by the
Tigray language; cf. W.Z.K.M., XVI, p. 223.
3) See also Zotenberg, Cat. Ms. itJi, Bibi. Nation..^ p. 251, ba, and Wright,
Cat, Et/i, MSS, Brit. Mus.^ p. 17, col. a.
22
said to the governor: 'Doest thou truly say so?' He ans-
wered : 'Yea, truly. If ye do not believe me, let one of you
come and see!' Then Abba Pantaleon said to Saint Isaac:
'My son, what shall we do?' And Saint Isaac said to him:
'Let my brother ^Os come and let us go quickly and sec
the serpent and [know], whether it is true or false. But ye
elder men wait for us, till we come back to you, and pray
ye!* And these [two] saints and the governor rose and went;
and they found the serpent according to his custom walking
from place to place with many governors following him and
princes walking in front of him. And when they were at a
distance of 14 miles, they heard the sound of thunder, and
the earth trembled with the sound of thunder, and the moun-
tains were shaken, and the princes adored him. And when the
holy Abba ^Os saw the fearsome serpent, he was afraid and
terrified and fell upon his face. But the holy Abba Isaac
stretched his hand forth,raised him and made him stand up and
said to him: 'Why art thou afraid, reverend father? Hast
thou not heard what Saint John the son of Zebedee said:
'because fear hath torment' *)? And now let us go back,
my brother, to our brethren and let us tell them what we
have seen. God's will be done!' And they both went on.
And while they were walking, they saw them from a distance
and they said to them: '[Are ye] well?' And the holy men
said: 'Yea, [we are] well.' Then the others asked them say-
ing: 'Have ye found the story of the serpent [true] or not?'
They answered: 'We have seen him as the governor has
said. And we have seen, how dreadful and formidable he
is, and how the earth trembling could not bear him, nor
the mountains encompass him; and this father fell on his
face for fear of him.' And the brethren blamed Abba ^Os
i) I John 4: 18.
23
saying: 'Why wast thou afraid and tookest fright at a mortal
being? And how when our Lord comes with fear and trem-
bling and awe — what wilt thou say? But now, our brethren,
let us pray to the Lord our God and let us beseech him,
that we may gain salvation for Ethiopia and that he may
make to rule over it a king from Jesse's root and from
David's stem, and let us fast day and night.' Thus the saints
spoke among one another, and when they had finished their
counsel, they went into their dwellings and fasted day and
night, and they were all united in mind and thought and
heart. And they spread their hands to heaven towards the
East, saying: (Here follows a long prayer in which God's
great deeds in nature and in history are praised and deliver-
ance from the serpent is asked; 11. i68 — 208). Thus they
continued praying 40 days and 40 nights without tasting
food or water, except on 4 Sundays, and these were counted
with the fasting. And while they were gathered together,
Michael and Gabriel, the archangels, came, resembling monks
who were strangers, and they said to them evxiyti^ov three
times. And the saints asked them: 'Who [are ye]?' The
angels answered: *We are servants of the Father and the
Son and the Holy Ghost, one God.' They said to them: 'If
ye are servants of the Father and the Son and the Holy
Ghost, ye are truly our brethren.' And they entered to them
and they embraced one another with a spiritual embracing
and they stayed with them, speaking of the great deeds of
God and words of profit and words of faith and words of
the scriptures. And after they had finished speaking with
one another, they said to the angels: 'Whence have ye come,
our brethren?' They answered: 'From far away.' And they
asked them again: 'From what place?' They said to them:
'From Mount Sinai', and continued: 'After God had seen
24
your labour, he sent us to visit you.* Then they asked: 'How
many months ago did ye depart from Mount Sinai?' They
answered: 'By the will of God we have come to you in this
hour.' When the saints heard this, they rose and praised God
and fell down before him. And when the time for the meal
had come, Saint Isaac rose and began to wash the feet of
Michael, and the holy father ^Os washed the feet of Gabriel.
And after they had finished washing the feet of the holy
angels and had drunk [the water with] their dust, they reclin-
ed for the meal, and the light came down as usual. And
before the meal was finished, they heard a voice around
them saying: 'Peace be unto you, my beloved ones. I have
heard your prayer, and lo, I have sent Michael and Gabriel
to you, and they are at your table, and all that you wish,
they shall do for you!' When the saints heard this, they
left their table and fell down before their lord and praised
his wonders. And the saints said to the angels: 'Ye seemed
to us to be men like we, our lords!' And the angels said:
'Christ sent us, when he saw your labour and your eminent
patience. And now ye will behold the wonders of the Lord.
But now, our brethren, peace be unto you!' Thus speaking
they were hid from them and ascended to heaven. And the
saints wondered and were amazed and astonished by the
wonders of the Lord the whole night until morning, and
they did not slumber nor sleep. And after that God sent a
mighty flash down from heaven upon the cursed serpent and
cut him in twelve parts striking him with [his] fiery sword.
And the next day, they rose to pray at the time of day-
break, and when the sun rose, they finished their prayer,
and the 9 brethren were together in one place. (Afterwards
Christ visits them and goes with them to see the dead ser-
pent, 11. 245—84)."
25
Another much shorter version of this story was also publish-
ed by Conti Rossini. In his Note Etiopiche *) he edited and
translated into Italian a legend in the Tigray language which
is very closely related to our Tigre version, as will be seen
from the following English translation:
•Going from Adua to Aksum there is plain called Hasabo.
Now I asked, saying: 'For what reason is it that they have
called it Hasabo (= *he washed him" or "it").' And some
explained [this] to me saying: 'It is told that in Ethiopia
formerly a serpent was the ruler of the land. And the
people of the country gave him his food in this way: a
gabata of milk and a first-born virgin. This, they say, used
to be the law of the country for many years. And while
this was being done, the [nine] saints passing on their
way by [the place] where his food was waiting for him, sat
down at the foot of a sycamore tree to be in the shade.
And while they were sitting [there], a tear fell upon them.
And looking up the saints saw a girl hanging in the
sycamore. They asked her saying: 'What art thou?' And
she answered them: 'I am a human being.' 'What then art
thou doing?' they asked her. 'I have come as tribute to the
serpent' said she to them. They asked: 'But where is he?'
And she saying: 'Lo, there!' showed him to them. They
said to her: 'There near the hill perhaps?' But she said:
'He is what looks like a hill!' And turning their faces towards
him they made the sign of the cross with their crosses,
and the serpent burst asunder and died, and his blood
flowed to Hasabo. The saints said to the plain: 'He has
washed thee.' And now they call it Hasabo."
Now it was very well known to the Abyssinian writers
i) GiornaU della Societh Asiatica Italiana^ Vol. XI, 1897, pp. 141 — 156*
26
that the nine saints had come to their country much later
than the time in which they put the beginning of their
national history. This fact, among others, must have led to
the assumption that the serpent reigned at several different
periods. Generally three distinct reigns of King Serpent are
mentioned: i) at the beginning of the history of Abyssinia,
when he reigned 400 years; 2) at the time of the ascension
of Mary; 3) at the time of the nine saints *). Of these i
and 3 are, as we have seen, easily accounted for, but 2 is
still unexplained. However this may be, it is certain that
the Abyssinians themselves, in later times, often considered
the serpent as the embodiment of heathenism, which is very
natural, since they always have been familiar with the cult
of serpents, at least among their pagan neighbours. This
idea is also clearly brought out by the following passage
from the Abridged Abyssinian Chronicle'): "[At the time
of Abreha and Asbeha] came Abba Salama together with
his father, and of the people of Abyssinia one part was
under the Mosaic law, the other was worshipping the ser-
pent." — On the other hand the suggestion made by Pereira *),
that the serpent represented in some way foreign influence
seems to a certain degree very acceptable; for a similar
thing has happened in Persia, where the foreign influence
of the Arabs was personified by the dragon *). There is of
course no internal connection between these two parallels,
and Hal^vy's derivation of the whole serpent legend from
Persia *) seems to me highly improbable %
i) Cf. Pereira, Historia dot Mariyres de Nagran^ pp. XLVIII sq.
2) B^guinot, La Cronaca abbrcviaia d^Abissinia^ Rome 1901, p. 2.
3) Mart, de Nagran^ p. LI 1 1.
4) Brown, A Literary History of Persia^ p. 1 14.
5) Revue Semitique 1896, p. 261.
6) Cf. also C. RossiDi, in Actes XI* Congrh Inter nat. Orient,^ IV, p. 49.
27
In our Tigre legend the diflferences of time have been
naively neglected : the saints appear at the time of Solomon,
just as the "Ark of Mary" is here supposed to be in the
temple at Jerusalem under the reign of this king. Further-
more the nine saints have become seven saints, or, according
to the first copy, angels. It was very natural to substitute
the sacred number seven for nine, to which Abyssinian
superstition does not seem to attach a special meaning; yet
we must not forget that even in the ^Gadla ^AragawV^
seven saints came to Za-Mika'el and, together with him
and Abba Garima, who joined them later, after some
time finally became nine altogether *). But a more interest-
ing question in this connection is, how the legend of the
Queen of Sheba and that of the dragon were intertwined.
It seems to me that here the TigrS legend has preserved
a very old tradition and that we must go back to the South
Arabian Bilqls saga to gain more light on this matter. It
is known that according to the Arabic tradition *) Bilqls
killed her predecessor, a very cruel tyrant who ravished the
maidens of the country; in ofder to accomplish her purpose
more easily, she promised to marry him, and delivered her
country by slaying him on their bridal night. Furthermore
we are told by Mas^Qdi, quoted by Rosch on p. 545, that
Bilqls killed the first tobba^^ i. e. king of South Arabia, who
reigned four hundred years: this coincides very strikingly
with the Abyssinian tradition of the length of King Arwe's
first reign '). It seems therefore not unlikely that the tobba^
who ravished the maidens and then was killed by Bilqls,
i) Guidi, // ^Gadla ^AragdwV\ R. Ace. dei Lincei, 1894, p. 38.
2) A full account of its different forms was given by Rosch in yahrb, f,
frotestani, Theol, VI, p. 524 sqq.
3) See above p. 26.
28
Queen of Sheba, and the arwe, who devoured the maidens
and met his death through the Abyssinian Queen of Sheba,
were originally identical mythological persons. Consequently
the connection between the legends of the serpent and of
the Queen of Sheba is ancient, and not a new invention of
our Tigre story. An occasional allusion to this connection
may be found in the tradition that the people of Kll'fl
"the South'* — whose queen of course was n/*'+ i K It'll
"the Queen of the South" — were worshipping the serpent *).
Perhaps an equally interesting feature of this part of
our legend is the presence of the ass's heel. The Arabic
story of Queen Bilqls tells us that she had very hairy legs,
and that she had an ass's hoof. As Rosch has rightly recogn-
ized and discussed in detail, this peculiarity classes the
queen at once with demoniac beings. For in Semitic popular
belief*) hairiness is one of the main characteristics of the
demons '), and the ass is — as also in ancient Egypt —
very commonly considered a demoniac animal. The ass seems
to play quite an important role in Babylonian demonology
and magical practices; to quote one example, we may recall
here the incantations against the female demon Labartu %
which were recently published by Myhrmann in \\\q /eiischr,
/. Assyr. XVI. There it is said: "Thou shalt make an image
of Ann's daughter out of canal-clay; thou shalt make an ass
out of canal-clay and give him food" (p. 165), and again
(p. 181): "A whore is Ann's daughter among the god's, her
brothers; her head is a lion's head, her figure an ass's figure."
i) Pereira, Mart, de Nagran^ p. XLVllI.
2) The tail and the hoof of the Christian devil might also be compared here.
3) In the O. T. demons arc even called D^l^yt^ '^airy beings" ; cf. Robertson
Smith, HeL of the SemiUs^ New York 1889, p. 113; Wellhausen, Reste arab,
Heidcntums\ p. 151 — 52.
4) About Labartu in the O. T. see Perles in Oriental, Lit, Ztg,^ 1903, 244—45.
29
Furthermore we know that according to Arabic lore the
gkul had ass's hoofs. And perhaps also the fact that the
ass was considered unclean and not allowed to be eaten or
immolated, may have something to do with its being the
animal of the demons. This prohibition is found, e. g., with
the so-called Sabians; see Chwolsohn, Die Ssabier II, p. lo,
105. Finally we read in the Physiologus, a book which though
originally written in Greek, contains many Eastern traditions,
that the wild ass is an image or a symbol of the devil ; see
Hommel, Die aethiopische Uebersetzung des Physiologus, Leipzig
1877, P- 9^* ^03- Rosch's conclusion that Queen Bilqls was
originally a demoniac being may now be extended to the
Abyssinian Queen of Sheba as well. It is possible that the
Bilqis saga has influenced the Abyssinian legend, but noth-
ing prevents us from assuming that, in popular belief at
least, MakedH has always preserved some of her original
mythological traits, in spite of the more rationalistic treat-
ment which iicr person has undergone in the Kebra Nagast.
How it happened that the Queen of Sheba had an ass's
hoof, is explained here in quite a characteristic way: a drop
of the dragon's blood fell on her heel. It is known that in
a number of other cases magical power is attributed to the
blood of a dragon. It will suffice to call attention to the
'Lied vom hiirnen Sifrit\ according to which Siegfried recei-
ves a horny skin by a bath in the dragon's blood. A curious
parallel to this from an Lithuanian story was published by
Edzardi in Germania, vol. XX, 1875, pp. 317 — 20.
A few more elements in the Tigre legend may be men-
tioned here in brief, i) The tribute which the dragon receives
is a first born maiden *). It is possible that we have here a
i) Cf. the Tigray tale, above p. 25.
30
reminiscence of the sacrifice of first born children *). — 2)
In vs. 6 we read three plays on words, i. e., the names of
the persons are connected etymologically with their actions.
This kind of popular etymology is too well known to need
any further discussion. It occurs a great many times in the
O. T. *), and all the other Semitic peoples are very familiar
with it as well as nations outside of the Semitic family.
Especially in Abyssinia we meet it often, and the very
name Gartma, which is connected here with garramkant
'thou hast frightened me', occurs in such a play on words
in the Gadla ^Aragawi, ed. Guidi, p. 17, and in a Tigray
Legend published by Conti Rossini in his Note etiopiche
{Giorn, Soc. Asiat, IfaL), p. 147, 1. 9. — 3) The wayin which
the dragon is killed characterizes our legend as an express-
ion of popular and naive reflection. We have seen that in
the homily of Garlmri God kills the serpent after the prayer
of the saints, and that in the Tigray legend the saints hold
their crosses up, whereupon the serpent dies. But here it
seems as if the teller and the hearers wished to see some
real heroism and visible physical power: thus the saints are
represented as beating the dragon to death with the cross.
Undoubtedly archbishop Christian I of Mainz, who had great
physical strength, was much more popular because of the
mighty club which he wielded on the battle-field than for
his spiritual gifts. — 4) A new feature is found in the mention
of a girl minister appointed by the Queen of Sheba after
her accession to the throne. It is interesting to see how this
feature continues throughout most of the legend; for the
minister also goes to Jerusalem, has a child by Solomon
i) Cf. Robertson Smith, /.r., p. 44$.
2) As to later Hebrew literature cf., e.g., Griinbaum, Nntt lu-i/rage sur
semit, Sagenkumie^ Leiden 1893, p. 207.
3»
and finally sends her son to Jerusalem with the son of the
Queen. It seems therefore to be an integral part of this
story in its present form. I have not met with it in the
other legends about Solomon and. the Queen of Sheba; but
parallels from other popular literatures where a contrast is
made between the true and genuine son and the rejected
son arc of course not infrequently to be found. Perhaps the
best known are Isaac and Ismael, Jacob and Esau.
The journey of the Queen of Sheba to Solomon
and her return to Abyssinia.
(Verses ii — 20).
The reason why the Queen of Sheba travels to Solomon
is in almost all the other forms of the legend her desire to
test or at least to experience his wisdom, of which she has
heard so much spoken. The healing of the Queen from her
hairiness is known to the Arabs also and is mentioned by
Zama(>§arl, Tabarl and Ibn el-'Atir *); but here it is only
an episode and of minor importance. Now in the Tigre legend
this is made the main reason: the Queen of Sheba goes to
Solomon only to be cured of her ass's heel. To the minds
of a very large class of people all over the world, wisdom,
healing-power and sorcery are nearly synonymous, and driv-
ing out the devil of disease — for the diseases are caused by
or identical with the demons — is the most palpable proof
of wisdom. We need not wonder, therefore, that the simple
Abyssinian who told our legend, probably considered Solo-
mon only as a great sorcerer, and that the healing-power
of this 'king of all demons' impressed itself more deeply
i) See GrUnbaam, Neiu Beitrage^ p. 219.
32
on the mind of the common people than his intellectual
wisdom. According to the Arabic story the demons told
Solomon that Bilqls had hairy legs and an ass's hoof, be-
cause they were afraid that Solomon would marry Bilqls and
tell her, who was herself the daughter of a Peri or female
demon, his secret concerning the demons, so that then the
son of both would rule over them. Then they built a palace
of glass and made the floor look like flowing water. When
Bilqls entered, she thought it was real water and lifted her
garment to wade through. Solomon saw that the demons
had spoken the truth: he told Bilqls at once that there was
no water there, and then had a depilatory made by the demons.
In Tabarl (I, p. ^Ai**— Af) we read that this depilatory, called
nurah, was recommended to Solomon by the satans, after
he had asked men and djinns in vain, and that the nurah
was here applied for the first time. Of all these details none
are given in the Tigre legend. In the latter the queen is
healed, as soon as she enters in at Solomon's door, i. e., steps
over his threshold. We see again, how great a magical power
the threshold is supposed to have. Among the Semites it
is believed to be the gathering place of evil spirits; and
this may be one of the reasons why in the Christian towns
of Syria very many inscriptions with invocations of God or
Christ or symbolic disks are carved over the entrance of
houses '). In modern Palestine for instance a mother must
not beat a disobedient child *) nor nurse her baby while
standing on the threshold. We know, however, that super-
stitious beliefs of a similar nature are common all over the
world.
According to the Tigre legend the Queen and her minister
i) See Publications Amer. Archaeol, Expedition^ Part II, pp. 32, 34 annot.
2) Cf. Bauer, Volkslehcn im heiiigen Lande^ Leipzig 1903, p. 196.
33
disguise themselves by arranging their hair as men, wearing
men's garments and a saber, but are afterwards recognized
as women by Solomon. Here again we have an ancient
feature, known to the later Hebrew and to the Arabic wri-
ters, but omitted in the Kebra Nagast. But there is a cha-
racteristic difference. While in Hebrew and Arabic sources
the suite of the Queen is disguised and Solomon displays
his wisdom by distinguishing the boys from the girls, in the
Tigre legend the Queen and her minister disguise themselves,
and Solomon recognizes them in order to wed them. It is
very likely, as Rosch has shown '), that the changing of the
clothes in the Bilqis saga is a survival of ancient religious
rites *). The meaning of the garments in religious ceremonies
has been expounded by Robertson Smith, ReL of the Semites^
1889, pp. 416 sq., 432 sq. and by Wellhausen, Arab. Heiden-
ium^, pp. no, 195 sqq.; cf. also Rosch, Lc, p. 553. Another
example, which perhaps is less well known, may be cited
from the religion of the pagan Galla tribes. Cccchi reports
that the pilgrims of the sect of Abba Muda ') wear women's
garments during the pilgrimage to the cave of their chief.
Solomon notices that his guests are women first by their
shyness in eating and drinking. In a somewhat similar way
a Jewish legend ^) makes him distribute nuts and pastry to
the boys and girls, whereupon the boys right away take off
their cloaks and spread them out to receive the gifts, whereas
the girls in a diffident manner use their kerchiefs for this
purpose. We have seen above ^) that an episode of the
1) /.c, pp. 5S2«q-
2) Cf. the often quoted passage Deutj 22:5: The woman shall not wear
that which pertaineth unto a man, neither shall a man put on a woman*s
garment.
3} See above p. 18.
4) See Grttnbaum, /. ^., p. 221. 5) See p. 15.
3
34
Kebra Nagast, the story of the water-bowl which was put
in the sleeping room, has been stripped of its original mean-
ing and now helps to discover the disguise. This change has
scarcely improved the story; for the marriage is now intro-
duced very abruptly.
When the Queen of Sheba and her minister leave, Solo-
mon gives each one of them» according to our legend, a
ring and a silver staff (vs. 20). A ring as a token occurs not
infrequently in folk-tales, and perhaps we might find here
even a reminiscence of Solomon's famous ring '), by the
power of which he ruled over all nature and all spirits. But
I have not been able to establish whether the silver staff
had originally any special meaning in this connection.
Menelik*s journey to Jerusalem.
(Verses 21 — 29).
After the Queen of Sheba and her minister have returned
to Abyssinia, each becomes the mother of a son. The boys
grow up with the boys of the country, but are called "father-
less children" by the latter. Hence they ask their mothers
about their father and then go to find him. This is a trait
not uncommon in popular literature. One example may serve
for many others: In a story called *The Tale of King Najib
of Jerusalem**, which was dictated to me by a native in
Jerusalem *), King NajJb is brought at night by a demon
to Constantinople, into the palace of the princess. He marries
the princess that night and leaves her his ring and hand-
i) Grttnbaum, /. r., pp. 201, 223 a. o.
2) This and the other Jerusalem tales which I collected are to be publish-
ed soon by E. J. Brill as Part VI of the Publications of an American Ar-
chaeological Expedition to Syria,
35
kerchief; then the demon takes him back again. The prin-
cess gives birth to a boy, and when the latter is grown up,
he goes to seek his father, after he has had the following
experience: "The next day it-Tayih (this is the name of the
boy) went down to the field to play as usual, and when he
found the son of the vizir there, he said: 'Come, let us play
together!' But the other boy said: 'My friend, I do not
want to play with a boy, who does not know his father.'
'Why? What is the matter?' said it-Tayih, 'I know my father,
my father is the king of course.' 'No, no' replied the other,
'the king is thy grandfather, the father of thy mother, but
thy father is not known?'"
When the boys are admitted to Solomon's palace, another
man is sitting on the throne, whereas Solomon has hid him-
self in the stable. In our story this is meant to be a test
of the boys' intelligence: Menelik has been instructed by his
mother, and therefore he does not step up to the throne to
grasp the hand of its occupant, i. c., he does not recognize
the latter as king; but as soon as he sees Solomon, he
recognizes him. This episode seems to be based on the tra-
dition of Solomon's dethronement by the demon §aj)r; but
it has been changed . very much, having kept of the original
story only the facts that another man was sitting on Solo-
mon's throne and that the king himself was clad in rags.
An allusion to this story is to be found in the Qor'an, siirah
38:33; but it is given in full by the commentators of the
Qor'an and by later Arabic authors, who drew their mate-
rial from Jewish sources. All the different forms of this tra-
dition are given by Griinbaum, Lc, pp. 221 sqq. The prin-
cipal facts are the following: Solomon marries the daughter
of the king of Sidon, and his new wife worships the image
of her father in So omon's house. For this transgression he
36
is punished, as follows. He is accustomed to give his magical
ring to one of his wives named Aminah, who keeps it while
he performs the ritual ablutions. One day in his absence the
demon Sa)>r comes to Aminah, resembling the king and
asks for the ring, which he receives and then seats himself
on the throne. But Solomon stripped of all his power and glory
wanders about as a beggar, and then takes service with some
fishermen. After 40 days, according to the length of time
during which the image had been in Solomon's house, the
demon flies away and drops the ring into the sea, where a
fish swallows it. In the evening Solomon receives this very
fish, finds the ring, piits it on his finger and is restored to
his former power.
In vss. 27, 28 the Tigre legend tells a curious event which
leads to the return of Menelik to Abyssinia, viz., the story
of the cattle pasturing on another man's field. Its appear-
ance here is rather unexpected, but very characteristic. For
it shows that the tendency of the Jewish and Arabic legends
to represent Solomon as being wiser than his father David
has had its influence in Abyssinia, but has here been modified
by putting Solomon in David's and Menelik in Solomon's
place. Thus here Menelik is the wiser, which is of course
very natural on Abyssinian soil. The story from which the
episode in question is undoubtedly derived is according to
Arabic sources *) briefly as follows: A man sues another,
because the latter's sheep have pastured on his property.
The matter is brought before David, and he decides that
the sheep should be given to the proprietor of the damaged
field. But Solomon although only 1 1 years of age at that
time, says that the man ought to receive only the use of
i) BaidAwt and ZamabSart; see Grttnbaum Lc, p. 189.
37
the sheep, i. e., their milk, their wool and their young, until
the field should be again in the status quo ante. This tends
to prove — thus is said — that Solomon had received the
greater wisdom. — Although no doubt the same tendency
underlies this episode in the Tigre legend, its main object
here is to give the reason why Menelik went back to Abys-
sinia with the Hebrew youths.
The story of the ark,
(Verses 30—35).
It is an ancient tradition at Axum that Menelik took the
'ark of the covenant' with him from Jerusalem and brought
it to Axum, where it is now supposed to be in the sanc-
tuary of the church. The details of this tradition given in
our legend are of particular interest, but they show again
how rude and superstitious ideas obtain among the ordinary
Abyssinian 'Christians*. The beliefs connected with the ark
at Axum are certainly a survival of heathenism; and per-
haps the stones preserved in the ark are themselves sacred
stones from the time of paganism, comparable to the black
stone at Mekka and to the stones in the original ark of the
ancient Israelites. It sounds indeed like fetishism and it
reminds us of the sacred chests of the Babylonians and Egyp-
tians with the idols or mystic symbols of their gods "), when
we hear of an ark of Mary and of an ark of Michael.
How material the representation of the godhead by the ark
is in the mind of the people, is shown by the following.
When Mary's ark reaches Axum, it is said to Satan: 'Mary
has come to thee' (vs. 34). In exactly the same way the
1} Cf. Encyclopaedia Biblica \ coU. 306 — 8.
38
Philistines say when the ark of Yahweh reaches the camp of
the Israelites: 'God is come into the camp' (I Sam. 4:7).
The Abyssinians make no secret of the theft of the ark,
either in the Kebra Nagast or in the present legend;
thus the ancient Israelitic legend does not hesitate to say
that Rachel stole the 'images', i. e. the household-gods of
her father (Gen. 31 : 19 sqq.). The Tigrg legend tells in a
very naive way that Solomon wishes to give his son some
sort of a shrine, viz., the ark of Michael, but Menelik is not
content with this and steals therefore what he considers a
much better and more powerful shrine. For how valuable
the ark of Mary is, we learn at once in vs. 31: when a
storm comes up, Solomon gives order to look for the ark,
which doubtless means that the ark is supposed to have
power over the elements.
A curious incident is the halting of the ark on its way
to Axum. That this is a common tradition, is shown by
Conti Rossini, Besu^a Amlak, Rome, Ace. dei Lincei, 1902,
p. 5, ann. 2; but here it is localized at Damba Mi£c. The
locality given by the Tigrg legend, Qay^h K5r, which means
'Red Rocks', is mentioned by Conti Rossini, ib, p. 9, ann. 2.
Of course we know that the ark of the Israelites 'stood' on
the field of Joshua the Beth-shemite (I Sam. 6: 14); but the
situation is entirely different there, and our story, judging
at least from the motives of the halting stated here, has
probably no connection with the Biblical passage. It is there-
fore, as it seems, a local Abyssinian tradition, parallels to
which may be found in the popular literatures of other
peoples. The reason why the ark stood still is the insuffi-
cient or perhaps religiously illegal burial of the deacon who
had been carrying the ark. The religious law requires that
the whole body must be put into the coffin, a law probably
39
inspired by similar motives as the religious duty among the
ancients to bury all the body at the same spot. It is note-
worthy that the ark here, as it were, enforces the strict ful-
filment of the law.
Vss. 34 — 35 lead us into an entirely new cycle of legends
which are connected here — and perhaps have been so for
a long time — with the story of Menelik and the ark: the
legends of the fight of Satan against God and of the large
buildings of antiquity. Wherever there are ancient ruins,
and especially if these ruins arc conspicuous, they furnish
rich material for legends and sagas. It would be strange, if
the huge obelisks at Axuni *) should not have appealed to
the imagination and to the spirit of story-telling among later
generations. As all over the East, such gigantic structures
are believed to have been built not by human hands, but
by supernatural powers. It is for instance well known that
in Southern Arabia ancient castles and other buildings are
said to have been Erected by the djinns. The same is said
again of the awe-inspiring buildings of Palmyra. Also in
Persepolis similar tales are told *). Such legends are often
very definite in certain details, and in this respect the episode
of the big stone, which Satan had raised and then left, and
which is yet to be seen (vs. 35), is typical. Now, it is said
here that Satan 'built a house in order to fight against God.*
This touches upon the very ancient myth of the enmity and
the struggle between God and the devil, or between the
gods and chthonic powers or giants. And this connection
between the building of a huge structure and the war against
God seems to be ancient too, although the original legend
of the tower of Babylon, which we most naturally bring into
1} Cf. the pictures in Th. Bent's Sacred Ciiy of the EthiopiamyljonAoik 1893.
a) BroMTii, Literary History of Persia p. 1 1 a.
40
comparison here, probably did not contain this feature. But
it is significant that in Jewish-Greek writings the tower is
regarded as the work of the giants '), the typical enemies
of the ancient Greek gods.
It is the privilege of popular literature and legends to
ignore chronology in the freest possible manner: Solcrnon
is a Muhammedan in the tradition of Islam, and here in
Abyssinia the primeval battle of Satan against God, Solo-
mon, and the Christian Saints are all made contemporaneous.
I) Gunkel, Genesis\ p. 88.
f
. i
CORRIGKNDUM.
Page XI read Kivisfn modcrna politico c letter aria, 1902,
instead of La Rassci^ua NarAonalc.
BIBLIdTHECA ABESSINICA.
BIBLIOTHECA ABESSINICA
STUDIES CONCERNING THE
LANGUAGES, LITERATURE AND HISTORY
OF ABYSSINIA
EDITED BV
Dr. E. LITTMANN
II.
THE TEXT OF THE ETHIOPIC VERSION OF THE
OCTATEUCH, WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO THE AGE AND VALUE OF
THE HAVERFORD MANUSCRIPT
«v Dr. J. OSCAR BOYO.
LEYDEN PRINCETON, N. J.
E. J. BRILL THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
1905-
PRINTED BY E. J. UKILL, LEYDEN (HOLLAND).
CONTENTS.
Page
Preface Vll
The text of the Ethiopic version of the Octateach i
I. Description of the Haverford Codex 4
II. Peculiarities of the Haverford Codex 13
III. Type of text, and relationship to other codices 17
VI. Conclusion as to age of R, and its value for a critical edition of
the Octateuch 28
PREFACE.
It was at the suggestion of the editor of this Bibliotheca
Abessinica that I undertook in 1903, with a view to obtain-
ing the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Princeton
University, the work of collating and estimating the Haver-
ford Codex of the Octateuch in Ethiopic, the results of
which are herewith made public. The editor's absence on
his extended trip to the Syrian desert, as a member of the
archaeological expedition now at work there, has of course
rendered his editorial supervision of this number purely
nominal. But I desire to express my indebtedness to him
for valuable suggestions at various stages in this task, and
even more for his infectious enthusiasm in the pursuit of
Semitic, but particularly of Ethiopic studies.
I take this opportunity to thank Prof. ALLEN C. THOMAS,
Librarian of Haverford College, for the repeated acts of
courtesy and evidences of interest, shown me in my investi-
gation of the manuscript committed to his charge.
Princeton, June 1905. J. OSCAR BOYD.
THE TEXT OF THE ETHIOPIC
VERSION OF THE OCTATEUCH, wmi special
REFERENCE TO THE AGE
AND VALUE OF THE HAVERFORD MANUSCRIPT.
Interest in the Ethiopic Bible has been aroused far more
by those apocryphal books which form a part of its extensive
and rather indefinite canon '), than by the text of those
books which are in the stricter canon of Protestantism. The
Gospels — even the entire New Testament — have indeed
several times been printed by occidental scholars. But the
history of the publication of the Old Testament text is almost
summed up in the labors of one man, August Dillmann.
The first volume of his monumental work comprised the
Octateuch*). It appeared in 1853, and since that date nothing
has been contributed to the study of this specific portion
of the Old Testament in Ethiopic, save a brochure by
S. Rcckcndorf on the value of the old Ethiopic version of
the Pentateuch for the reconstruction of the Septuagint ').
But in the fifty years that have elapsed since Dillmann*s
Octateuch appeared, there has been a great advance in the
i) Such, for example, as Kafalc (the Book of Jubilees, or Little Genesis),
and HSnok (Enoch).
2) Veteris Testamenti Aethiopici Tomus Primus, sive Octateuchus Aethiopicus,
Leipsic 1853. References Are to the pars posterior,
3) Ueber den Werth der altaethiopischen PentateuchUbersetzung fiir die
Reconstruction der Septuaginta, Giessen 1886.
investigation of the Septuagint-text, and at least a considerable
advance in the comprehension of the relation subsisting be-
tween it and the Ethiopic version derived from it. In the
former task, the reconstruction of the primitive Septuagint,
the labors of Lagarde, Field, Nestle, Klostermann and Swete
have certainly outlined the problem more clearly than fifty
years ago, and have increased the available means for solving
it. In the latter task, viz. the correlation with this problem of
the testimony of the Ethiopic version, the researches of
Cornill '), Reckendorf, Roupp ^) and Heidcr % together with
the kindred studies in the New Testament text by Guidi *)
and HackspilP), have opened a series of special investigations
into particular parts of the Ethiopic Scriptures which, it is
to be hoped, will not fail to include the entire volume; so
that some scholar in the near future may be able to gather
up the results, such as those already reached by Roupp in
Samuel, by Heider in Jeremiah, and by Cornill in Ezekiel,
and, uniting them in a consistent hypothesis, establish finally
the linguistic relationships of this version and its recensions,
the type of Greek text which it represents, and its value
for purposes of textual criticism.
The situation at present is therefore one of expectation,
rather than of realization. Within the next two or three years
the first installment of the larger Cambridge Septuagint may
i) Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel, Lcipsic 1886. See especially pp. 36 — 48.
2) Article, "Die nltcstc athiopischc Ilandschrift dcr vicr Biicher dcr Kiinigc**,
in Zeitschrift fUr Assyriologie, 1902, pp. 296 — 343.
3) Die aethiopische BibelUbersetzung. Ihre Herkunft, Art, Geschichte, und
ihr Wert fUr die alt- und neutestamentliche Wissenschaft. Mit Jeremia Cap.
I — 13 aU Textprobe. (Als Prolegomena zu cincr kritischcn Ausgabe dcr aeth.
Bibel). Leipsic, 1902.
4) Le traduzioni degli evangeli in arabo e in etiopico, Rome 1888.
5) Article, *^Die athiopische Evangelienttbersetzung", in Zeit. fur Assyr.,
1896, pp. 117— 196, 367—388.
be expected '), with its wealth of material for criticism of the
Scptuagint-tcxt. Among the versions whose readings will be
represented in this edition, the Ethiopic will have a place ^).
Insofar as it attempts to answer the question, what type of
Septuagint-text lies at the basis of the Ethiopic Octateuch,
any critical work done in advance of that publication would
probably prove premature. Similarly, such critical work would
probably be fruitless, if it attempted to answer the question,
what was the version by which the Ethiopic Octateuch was
corrected in its chief recension? Prof. Guidi, who has studied
the relation between the Arabic and Ethiopic Gospels with
such fruitful results, is understood to be engaged on a similar
line of investigation in the Old Testament, and, in his
opinion, the time has not yet come for a critical edition of
the Ethiopic Octateuch, and will not come "until the Arabic
versions are better known and studied" ').
That, therefore, which remains to be done on the text of
the Octateuch, and which can wisely be done now without
danger of early undoing, is to enlarge the materials of criticism.
Such has been the aim of the writer in the task whose
results are herewith presented, the collation of the Haverford
MS of the Octateuch, and in the larger task of collating
and publishing, together with all the various readings hitherto
gathered, the ancient MS of the Octateuch preserved in the
Biblioth^que Nationale at Paris % By adding to the four MSS
1) According to recent direct information from one of the two editors,
Mr. A. E. Brooke, Fellow of King's College.
2) Three codices have been collated by Mr. McLean, two of which are of
course Dillmann's F and the N^. 3 of Zotenberg's catalogue.
3) Quoted from a personal note from Prof. Guidi to the writer.
4) N^ 3 in Zotenberg, * Catalogue des manuscrits 6thiopiens de la bibltothique
nationale**, Paris 1877. It will be designated by the letter Y, with allusion to
King Yekuno AmUk, 1270 — 1285, from whose reign it dates.
used by Dillmann for his edition, the readings of these two
other MSS, each with its own peculiar textual characteristics,
it is hoped that, for the Octateuch, the materials of criticism
will be sufficiently numerous and diversified to furnish an
adequate basis for critical conclusions.
The codex preserved in the library of Haverford College,
Haverford, Pa., has already been described in a general way
by Prof. R. W. Rogers, D. D., of Drew Theological Seminary,
and a few specimens of its readings given^). It is proposed
in this paper to give: i®. a thorough description of the MS;
2®. an exhibition of its peculiarities, as of paleography,
orthography, etc.; 3®. the evidence determining its type of
text and relationship to the other MSS; and 4**. the con-
clusion, drawn from all these considerations, as to its probable
age, and its value for establishing the text of the old Ethiopic
version and of its recensions.
I. Description of the Haverford Codex.
The Haverford Octateuch came into the possession of
Haverford College through Prof. J. Rendel Harris, who
obtained it from an unknown source while he was a teacher
in that institution. Neither through oral information, nor
through written notice in the volume itself, is any light
thrown upon its origin or history^).
It is written in a large, plain hand, upon well selected
vellum, three columns to the page, 29 to 42 lines to the
i) In *^ Haverford College Studies*', Ethiopic Manuscripts I. In deference
to Dr. Rogers, who first described it, this codex will be designated by the
letter R.
2) Except the meagre information contained in the almost entirely obliterated
notices mentioned on p. 11.
column, 9 to 1 6 letters to the line. There are 182 leaves,
besides five fly-leaves. The binding is in boards, measuring
1672 X 12 inches, covered with heavy brown leather admirably
tooled in geometrical designs *). Both parchment and binding
are not only of good material, but also in a fair sCate of
preservation. Though the edges of the leaves are somewhat
brown and worn with handling, yet on account of the wide
margins the text has suffered no damage thereby. Insects
have spotted the leaves to an unusual degree, and there are
a few pages where the writing has been damaged by water,
but in no case is the text quite illegible. Holes in some of
the leaves go back to the preparation of the parchment, for
the text has been accommodated to them. A few rents have
been repaired with strong, coarse thread. A fragment of silk,
of an oriental pattern, was found still between its pages, and
many bits of thread, tied to the outer margins of the leaves,
project beyond their edges. The writing is guided by lines
ruled in the parchment with a sharp instrument, the horizontal
lines regular as a general rule, and the six vertical lines, one
at each side of each column, nearly always symmetrically
placed. To these lines the scribe has usually adhered with care.
The inks of the original hand are good. The black is a
strong, glossy black, as clear now as when written, neither
thin nor sticky. The red ink differs: some of it is thin and
faint, but almost all of it is bright and clear. The use of red
ink resembles that in other MSS of the Ethiopic Bible. At
the beginning of each book the scribe has used red and
black ink alternately as follows: in Genesis, Exodus and
Joshua, six red lines in all three columns, a pair of red
alternating with a pair of black; in Leviticus and Numbers,
i) Inside of the covers it has the „ squares" of (blue) cotton cloth, of which
d^Abbadie speaks at length, * Catalogue niisonn6".
four red lines similarly arranged; in Deuteronomy, Judges
and Ruth, three red lines, one red alternating with one black.
Some of the superscriptions, and at least one of the sub-
scriptions, of the several books (see below) are in red ink
by the original hand. The subscriptions of Exodus, Leviticus
and Joshua are in black by the original hand. At the end
of all the books except Joshua, there are simple decorative
designs in red and black inks, consisting of lines of dots
and groups of dots. At the end of Joshua there are only
two lines of black dots, one before and one after the sub-
scription. The words of Deity, which nearly always begin a
paragraph, are distinguished by the use of red ink for two
lines. The headings of paragraphs in Genesis are similarly
distinguished. There is a considerable section (in Joshua)
where the scribe's red ink gave out, and the spaces left for
these initial lines of paragraphs and for numerals (see below)
have never been filled in. The use of red ink for numerals
varies. Outside Genesis they are mostly in red. In some places
there remain in the margin opposite the red numerals small
black numerals, evidently put there by the scribe to remind
him to fill the spaces in later with red. In Genesis the numerals
are now in red, now in black, now in black with red lines
or with red tips to the black lines. In the major pauses red
and black ink are used together throughout most of the MS,
except in the section in Joshua above mentioned. The ink
used by correctors is invariably a dull, brownish black without
any gloss. Except over erasures it is not difficult to distinguish
the corrector from the original hand by means of this inferiority
of his ink.
The margins are suitably wide, especially at top and bottom.
Even the space between the columns is a good half-inch. These
generous margins have been freely used by the corrector.
and there arc a few leaves which have had to give up a
strip of their margin for use in a time and land in which
writing-materials were precious ').
This Haverford MS shares with the oldest codices the
distinction of having no divisions of the text save the eight
books that compose the Octateuch, and, within these, a system
of paragraphing that in general is regulated by the recurrence
of the divine speech, but in Genesis proceeds upon a logical
division into topics ^). There are 28 such divisions distributed
fairly evenly through Genesis, except for one great section
(between XV, 7 and XXXI, 54) in which there is no break.
Each paragraph so constituted is introduced by an appropriate
title in red ink. Of these 28, six ') correspond exactly with
paragraphs in Dillmann*s MS G, and two others *) come
within one verse of so corresponding. One of the latter two
agrees also with MS C in the only place in Genesis where
this codex departs from the European division into chapters %
The first three paragraphs deserve special mention, because
they are numbered one, two and three. The first is at III, 9,
and is introduced by the sentence, "i How God called our
father Adam". (The following words, "And God called him
and said to him. Where art thou f" are also in red ink). The
i) Tills custom of robbing codices of their blank leaves is further illustrated
by the disappearance of some dy-lcaves which were originally bound with the
volume. In front, between the second and third fly-leaves, there are the roughly
cut remnants of three others, of which at least the first and third had been
ruled for writing; and at the back there is one such fragment (ruled) before,
and four more (unruled) after, the first fly-leaf. Three of these last are still
an inch in width, so that any rulings would certainly have shown on them.
2) On this subject cf. Dillmann, op. r/V., pp. 159 — 164.
3) These are: Vlll, i; XXXI V, i; XXXVII, 5; XXXVIII, 14; XLl, i;
XLIX, I.
4) These are: XI, 2; XXXI, 54.
5) ViM, XI, 2.
8
second is at III, 14, and begins thus, ^^2 How God cursed
Adam and his wife and the serpent". The third begins at
III, 23 with the words, ■3 How He put Adam out of the
garden". The next paragraph is also noteworthy, but for a
different reason. It begins at IV, i, and is headed with a
liturgical notice, "On the second [day] at the ninth hour".
(The first three words of the verse are also in red). This note
corresponds exactly with one present in Dillmann's MS F at
II, 15. Similar liturgical notes are to be found at the beginning
of two other paragraphs. In X, 18 the word "And after"
begins a new paragraph, while the remainder of the preceding
line is filled in with the word batneklela in red ink. This
phrase, literally "in the prayer", occurs likewise in MS F
and in the Codex Borgianusof Samuel-Kings (13th century)'),
and indicates that the accompanying paragraph was to be
read at some specific office or feast; the name of the feast
should follow, but does not follow in Codex Hav. At XV, 7
a paragraph begins with red ink, and is prefaced, not by a
descriptive title, but by the words, **0n the fifth [day] the
lection". This indicates that what follows was by ecclesiastical
appointment to be read as the pericope for the fifth day of
some festival.
Resides those already given the paragraphs of Genesis are
as follows:
VI, 3 How God the Lord repented that He had made man.
VIII, I Where the Lord God remembered Noah.
VIII, 20 How Noah offered a sacrifice.
IX, I Where the Lord God blessed Noah.
IX, 20 How Noah planted a vineyard.
XI, 2 How the sons of Noah built a tower.
XII, I Where the Lord God first addressed Abraham,
i) See Roupp, op. cit,^ p. 302.
XXXI, 54 How Jacob olTcrccl a sacrifice to God.
XXXII, 14 How Jacob offered a gift to Esau.
XXXII, 25 Where Jacob struggled with the Lord.
XXXIV, I How the men of Shechem defiled Dinah the
daughter of Jacob.
How Shechem lay with the daughter of Jacob.
(In upper margin, with caret in text; hand
of emender, but not the usual one).
How Joseph dreamed a dream.
How his brethren sold Joseph to one Ishmae-
lite (sic).
XXXVIII, 14 Where Judah lay with Tamar his daughter-
in-law.
How his master's wife wanted to lie with Joseph.
How Joseph interpreted to the chief butler
and the chief baker their dreams.
How Pharaoh dreamed a dream.
And again Joseph a second time interpreted
Pharaoh's dream.
Where Joseph is known to his brethren.
How Jacob stood before Pharaoh the king.
Where Jacob Israel blessed his sons.
In the use of titles for the several books, Cod. Hav. offers
the usual variety of expressions *). Above the first column
of Genesis there is a single red letter, ^, in the original
hand, and at the bottom of the preceding (fly-) leaf stands
M^ I HAft'l* h probably in the original hand. Straight across
the first page, above the first lines, runs the sentence,
"Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, the God of all spirit
and of all flesh!" This common introductory formula is
XXXIV, 7
XXXVII, 5
XXXVII, 25
XXXIX, 7
XL, 5
XLI, I
XLI, 16
XLV, I
XLVII, 7
XLIX, I
I) Cf, DiUmann, op. ri7. p. 159.
lO
scrawled in red ink, in a poor and late hand '). Exodus, and
all the other books except Judges and Ruth, begin on a new
leaf. The title of Exodus is on the first line, in red, in the
original hand, h£^ i IIPK'1* i. The title of Numbers, M^' i II
1f^A+^ I , is similar in every respect. Leviticus has none.
Deuteronomy and Joshua are alike in their titles, ||^*71F" i
and HlfAtd i , in that these are placed above the first column,
are in red, and are probably not by the original hand. The
subscriptions of Exodus and Leviticus are in black, by the
original hand. They read : fc^^- 1 HOM^ i {Hh^ViD-fTf i) 'li.
fiOO I Numbers and Deuteronomy present still simpler sub-
scriptions: 'h/.Jliio I lUr-At* I (l|J?*7ir i). These are in red
ink, and probably by the original hand. The subscription of
Joshua is more lengthy and of a different character: "Of
him who wrote it, and of him who caused it to be written,
and of him who read it, and of him who interpreted it, may
the names be written on a pillar of gold, where they will
not perish forever and ever ! Amen" '**). Judges follows
immediately after these words, in the middle of the third
column of a left-hand page. Above the first line of the new
book stands the word ^aoW^'i^ i in red, by the original
hand, while opposite in the left margin, there is an y% in
black, in the original hand (cf. Genesis). The subscription,
'ViJkao I tlaoW^'i't i > in red, in the original hand, completes
the last line of the book, near the bottom of the second
column of a right-hand page. Ruth begins a new column (3^^)
on the same page, and above the column is iK**!* 1 in red,
i) It resembles in the forms of its letters and the carelessness of its ortho-
graphy, the note at the end of Leviticus, which is also in red, see p. 11.
3) Aiix#iib: I iDh\iM:*UiZ • iDAiiK'}nn 1 idah'I-c^t* • f.K
II
in the original hand. The book has no subscription, and ends
near the top of a right-hand page.
As already stated, five fly-leaves are bound with the volume,
of which three precede Genesis and two follow Ruth. At the
beginning, the second and third leaves are almost filled with
a poorly executed writing in three columns of 29 lines each.
The lines were irregularly ruled, the pen and ink were inferior,
and the hand is late and exceedingly poor ^). On the first
page is a passage on the observance of the Sabbath, as
commanded by God to Moses. It runs ten lines into the
third column, where beneath a line of black dots is a six-line
note of former possessors, apparently in the same hand as
the rest of the leaf. The following is all that remains of it :
"Abba Yona[s ?].... doctors (?) Abba Da wit .... Abba ....
Abba together may God have mercy upon us [bring
us?] in the kingdom of heaven !" On the next page the former
subject is- resumed, and occupies all the rest of the front
fly-lcavcs. After Ruth, the remainder of the last leaf, and
half a column on the first of the two fly-leaves, are covered
with writing in fairly good characters. The first two lines of
the first and third columns are in red. The subject-matter
is Nehemiah IX. After Leviticus and after Deuteronomy there
are brief notes by former possessors, badly written, the former
in red ink, the latter in black. The former reads: "Blessed
be the Lord God of Israel ! I have bought (it) with my money,
I, Thy servant Abba Yu . . . [Yonas ? cf. above]". The latter
is almost entirely obliterated: "In the name of the Father!
i) It is certain that this hand is later even than that which added the
theological notes, see below, p. 13. For one such note, in the same hand, is
written in an oblique direction across the last of these front fly-leaves, and
the letters that made up its brief concluding line have been erased because
they trespassed on the space devoted later to the first line of the new writing.
12
I, my father, and (my) mother Abba tu, who
purchased it with his [mojney . . . . "
It yet remains to characterize the various correctors who
have altered the text of this MS. In general, there are more
corrections towards the beginning, and less towards the end.
Indeed, they become very rare in the later books of the
Octateuch. There are none in Ruth. The last is in Judges
XX, 31, where a single letter, perhaps not by a later hand,
stands in the margin. In Judges IX, 28 faint lines appear
to have been placed above and below OifiifL t before MlIF^ i
(LXX has, Heb. omits, son). So in Judges VII, 22, the
numerals for 1,000 are inclosed in a circle (MSS C and G
omit). hldO* 1 has been altered to 'tfl^U- 1 in Judges V, 30
and quite freguently in Deborah's song. In Joshua there are
no corrections. All these later ones may be in the original
hand, so far as may be judged by their appearance. The
last true and certain correction is Deuteronomy X, 20, where
the later hand has added between the lines iDaoUC 1 fUlao* t
omitted by Cod. Hav. with FH (but cf. CG). From this
point forward corrections are frequent in Deuteronomy. In
Numbers XXXI, 3 hft+C>if- 1 (for htl'I'/itlV^ 1 ) has been
corrected in the margin in a very poor hand to iift'l"Mlh- 1
(with C). In the latter half of Numbers the corrections are
very few and poor, generally only a horizontal line or two,
here and there, to indicate dissatisfaction with the text. In
the first half of Numbers there are but two corrections. In
Leviticus the latest is at XXIV, 16, where the corrector has
written between the lines the Aiiof i omitted by the original
scribe. This is by the chief corrector, perhaps the last of his
work, but from this point forward it is common — a small but
not very neat hand. A very few corrections apparently in
the same hand as those in Numbers are to be found in
13
Leviticus also. Thus in this chap. XXIV there are many
changes at verses lo, ii, in the small hand, all in the spirit
of C or CG; but at verse 3 the larger hand has enclosed
ACti s (^ mistake) within horizontal lines, and placed the true
reading 1*70 1 in the margin. At Leviticus XXII, 24 two
Amharic words in a large hand, written with poor ink, appear
in the margin as glosses: 'fiW* 1 pierced^ and m^^ 1 twisted.
(Similarly at Lev. XI, 13). Throughout Leviticus corrections
are infrequent; there are hardly any in the middle of the
book. But in Exodus they are exceedingly numerous. Between
chaps. XXV and XXVIII they are almost continuous. After
these chapters there are not many until just at the close of
the book. Up to chap. XXV there are scarcely any. There
are few that are not evidently by the chief corrector, in the
sense of C (G). Corrections are frequent and quite evenly
distributed through Genesis. There are a number of theological
notes on the first pages of Genesis, in the side margins and
between the columns; these are not by the original hand ').
11. Peculiarities of the Haverford Codex.
i). Paleographical. On this difficult subject little can be
said. Prof. Rogers distinguished more than one hand, and
perhaps rightly \ Yet, dissimilar as is the style of writing
1) Specimens of these notes : -fly. A 1 \A9^ 1 {sic) 1*11^ I ^^^-fl {sciL
^.^•flA'ft 1). hup 1 /uliflAP I {sic) YxJJa^ 111^ nwi-fl I.
*i^AA I ©•» {sciL ani%^ 1 ). lt%Thti I hCft {scii. hCA-fA 1).
On the formation of Eve: ^dhA l 1*11 l (BV^T^ \ .
2) He says: "Several hands may be traced in the writing. From fol. i — 127
the writing is large and handsome, ... a few pages only being apparently
written in another hand. . . From fol. 128 — fol. 134 the writing is somewhat
smaller and not so neat .... After these the large hand begins again and
continues to 163. Fols. 164 — 169 are written in yet another hand, fine and
neat . . . And from that to the end of the book the large hand is found again".
in Judges, for example, when compared with that in Genesis,
it would be very hard to say where one hand left off and
the other began. Indeed, the one shades into the other so
imperceptibly, that one is tempted to charge the diversity
of style to some other cause than a change of scribe. A
greater crowding, due perhaps to increasing economy of
material; a change of pen; the lapse of many months in the
execution of the scribe's great task: all these considerations,
and perhaps others of which we know nothing, may have
contributed to produce this effect of a different hand ').
Certainly this may be said, that whether two or three or
more hands, or only one hand, wrought upon this codex, it
is sufficiently homogeneous in its style to be regarded as a
unit, so far as paleographical evidence can go. All the writing
in the text belongs to one age, for it exhibits the same
characteristics.
To what age, then, must it be assigned ? In the first place,
the writing is not archaic. The vocalic determinations in J^
and -f» are not triangular, but approach more nearly to the
later circle, although by their flattened form they still suggest
the earlier manner. In A* the stem-attachment is regularly
used. In general, the forms are more rounded and less angular
than in the earliest group of Ethiopic MSS. Thus the absence
of criteria that point to a date earlier than the i6th century*)
indicates that the Cod. Hav. cannot with any degree of
1) Comparison of the hand at Genesis XLI, i6(r is instructive in this regard.
After the red ink of the new paragraph, the column contains writing in a
more contracted, but ornamental, clear hand; the uniform size is maintained
until three lines above the bottom (end of a leaf); thence the remainder of
the column, eight lines, is crowded together in the closest possible compass,
yet all well written. It is all probably the same hand as elsewhere.
2) Cf. Wright, **Catalogue of the Ethiopic Manuscripts in the British Museum**,
1877, p. X; also d*Abbadie, "Catalogue raisonn6**, passim.
15
probability be assigned to any earlier reign than that of Na'od
(1494 — 1508). On the other hand, the writing is not recent.
The letters belong to the best period of Ethiopic calligraphy,
which includes the i6th and 17th centuries with some extension
at either limit ').
2). Grammatical. With respect to grammatical forms Cod.
Hav. exhibits a mixture of early and late qualities'). It is
not uncommon to find the prefixes of the imperfect (J&, -|* and
1) preserved in the normal (6*^) form even before gutturals
of the first form; e.g., Gen. IV, 13, 2i(bis). More frequently
than not, the long vowel I is retained before f, instead of
slurring to the colorless vowel of the 6^^ form; e.g.. Gen. II,
ID; VI, 2; VIII, 16. Verbs mediae id, like #K^i, regularly
write their subjunctive and imperative in this MS with the
vowel of the 7^ form; e.g., Gen. VIII, 3. The longer form
of the preposition hT^ i is often retained where Dillmann's
1) There arc places in lliis MS, as in many oilicn;, where Iherc is a
noticeable lapse in the care and steadiness of the copyist. Thus in Genesis
XXIII the writing is careless. In Genesis XLIII, 14 a new column begins
with the word A|IH}|'|« i , written in a diflTerent style, yet in the same ink
and with the same corrector. The next column begins with OoKltl* I of the
19th verse, and the former style is resumed. With the last word of ver. 24
another column begins, written in the same careless style as that commencing
at ver. 14, and this style continues as far as Qfh'flT'lll^ I (ist) in ver. 32.
These sudden variations in consecutive columns certainly suggest a change of
hand; yet against this is the fact that in chap. XXIII the same careless style
seems only a gradual lapse of the same hand from its usual symmetry into a
meaner and more rapid execution. This at least is evident, that the question
of a plurality of scribes is of no practical importance, inasmuch as the changes
are of such a character that the two scribes — if such there were — worked at the
same time and place, and therefore from the same exemplar. Did the changes
always come at the beginning of a new leaf, or the parchment, ink, corrections
or textual readings point to a different provenience for different portions of
the codex, then this question would require careful investigation. Under existing
conditions, no more need be said of these lapses.
2) Cf. Dillmann, p. 5; Hackspill, pp. 128 f; Roupp, pp. 305 — 307.
i6
text offers hT"; e^g^^ Gen. V, 29 (*«); VIII, 8, /^,1r^-} 1 for
/iVh*} 1 occurs; e.g.. Gen. XXX, 32. TlVh 1 is found for Tflfli: 1
^.^., Gen. XL, 17. All these are archaisms, and are among
the accepted criteria for determining the antiquity of Ethiopic
codices. On the other hand, equally established criteria are
absent, or occur exceptionally. Such are: the use of ^ for
h in ^<7lt.h'fl#fi.C 1 , n^T'-thU- 1 and other words, and in
the affix that marks extended quotation; the retention of
prepositions (/Ifl 1 ^ •^fl 1 , etc.) in the 5^^ form, even when
without affixes ; OP'I' i for OPI'I" 1 , 'Kl-/*Mi'l- 1 for •l-C 1 is habitually
preceded or followed by 'W^XijK 1 '). There is a marked
carelessness in the use of the cases of nouns *). Such irregu-
larities, which in our Ethiopic monuments are to be regarded
either as marks of the ndiveti of an early stage, or as signs of
a very late degeneracy, are in Cod. Hav. repeatedly corrected
by later hands, by the erasure or addition of a vocalic
determination. The use of three columns instead of two is
noteworthy. While there are to be found other Ethiopic
MSS written in three columns. Biblical texts were habitually
1) Examples in the second half of Genesis are: XXX, 23; XXXIX, 21.
On Genesis XXXI, 3 cf, Reckendorf, op, cil.^ p. 26.
2) The same is true, though to a less extent, of their genders.
17
written in two columns, as may be seen by a glance at the
descriptions of the various Biblical codices in the catalogues.
Such a MS as this Cod. Hav. would scarcely have been
undertaken in this form, however, unless the means of the
person ,who caused it to be written" {cf. colophon at end
of Joshua) had been so ample as to warrant an unusual outlay
in the acquisition of materials. This huge MS can hardly have
been originally prepared for any individual less wealthy and
august than an emperor, a metropolitan, or an Etchage ').
The entire impression made by the plan of the volume is
one of regal munificence. And the condition in which it has
been preserved favors rather the theory of private ownership
through most of its existence, than its constant use in a
church or monastery. The absence from its blank pages and
fly-leaves of any great number of entries by successive owners
suggests that it did not often change hands by purchase, while
the absence of miscellaneous notices, such as are found in
the Bibles of ecclesiastical foundations \ makes long ownership
by a religious house still more improbable.
III. Type of textf and relationship to other codices.
The text of the Octateuch published by Dillmann in 1853
is based upon the four MSS used by him, which he designates
by the letters F, H, G and C. Both from the relative anti-
quity of these MSS, and from a comparison of the types of
text which they contain with the LXX, it was a simple task
to divide the four into two groups, with F and H forming
the older, G and C the younger group. Codex F is ancient,
written not later than 1429 and probably considerably earlier
i) Head of the monks of Abyssinia.
2) Cy., for example. Codex 32 in Zotenberg, pp. 24 — 29.
i8
than that date. Codex H is a European copy made, so
Dillmann believed, not directly from F, but from a copy of
F. It represents therefore the same text, and almost every-
where sides with F against the other MSS. Codex G is a
carelessly written MS, made in Abyssinia in the iS^li century
for the renowned traveller Bruce. Its type of text represents
an imperfectly adopted and ill transmitted recension of the
ancient version. Codex C is a carefully executed MS of the
17th century, bought by the traveller Riippell in Abyssinia,
and representing in its best form the emended text of the
Ethiopic Scriptures, a consistently adopted and well trans-
mitted recension of the ancient version.
Having these as his materials to work upon, it was the
aim of Dr. Dillmann to publish a text of the Octateuch
which should: I®, reproduce as nearly as possible the text
of FH, representing the old Ethiopic version; and 2". serve
the Abyssinian Church as a worthy edition of their Scriptures.
It needs little reflection to comprehend how divergent are
these two aims. When one considers the fact that a thousand
years elapsed between the origin of the ancient Ethiopic
version and the writing of Dillmann's oldest codex j observes
the levity and carelessness with which Ethiopic scribes pervert
the text of the MSS they copy, even the most sacred; and
Anally, notes the loose, often paraphrastic style of the version
itself: he cannot fail to see that reproducing the text of FH
is very far from furnishing the Abyssinian Church with a
satisfactory version of the Scriptures; and conversely, that
the production of such a satisfactory version would require
so drastic a reconstruction of the text of FH, that it would
in fact be no longer the ancient version but a modern recen-
sion. Dr. Dillmann attempted to harmonize these antagonistic
aims by the use of parentheses and brackets, retaining in
19
his edition, enclosed within the former, those redundant
elements of the ancient version which had no right in the
text, and introducing into his edition, enclosed within brackets,
elements derived from the younger recension which were
indispensable substitutes for the corrupted ancient text. He
even went so far as to supplement by his own skill passages
defective in both the earlier and the later types of text ').
By the use of these signs, and by giving a conspectus of the
more significant various readings of his codices, Dillmann
did indeed furnish students of the text with the data of
criticism. But Dillmann's text, as it stands, is just "Dillmann's
text", and nothing more. He has become thereby the latest
emendcr of the Ethiopic Bible. The effort to make a readable,
and tolerably adequate version of the Octateuch out of the
materials at his command, or at anyone's command, was
necessarily inconsistent with the desire to trace back as far
as possible, and as free from extraneous elements as possible,
the old Ethiopic version. For this is the critical desideratum.
If the Ethiopic version is of any value in the work of clas-
sifying the various types of LXX-text, it is to the primitive
Ethiopic version, prior to its earliest recension, that this
value attaches. The effort of present studies in the text is
to arrive as nearly as possible at this unemended (critically
speaking) pure text, without regard to its readability or
suitability for ecclesiastical uses.
There is need, therefore, for more material than is furnished
by Dillmann's one really ancient MS, if this reconstruction
of the primitive text is to be the sole aim. Such additional
data are furnished, primarily, by the great Paris Octateuch,
whose date, 1270 — 1285, carries us back of the 14th century
recension, and which therefore, more than any other codex,
i) These supplements he distinguished by the use of asterisks.
20
may be trusted to give us the ancient version, — perverted,
of course, indeed a miserable text from the point of view of
scribal transmission, yet pure, in the sense that, so far as
we now know, it is uninjured by mixture, recensions or
editings. But additional data for regaining this ancient text
are furnished, secondarily, by younger MSS, in which, though
mixture with emended texts has occurred, there nevertheless
remain multitudes of ancient readings, retained by design or
by accident. There is always the possibility, furthermore,
too frequently observed in textual transmission to be ignored,
that a comparatively young MS, may, on account of the high
antiquity of its parent exemplar, conserve a much more
ancient type of text than another MS centuries older.
Such ancillary codices are thus to be used discreetly, side
by side with the primary witnesses, and are especially valuable
in case of a clash between the older MSS. A glance at the
various readings in Dillmann's apparatus crilicus will reveal
the frequency with which G agrees with F (H) against C.
Where this combination occurs, we are reasonably certain
that we have the ancient version. Where G sides with C,
we presume that F (H) represents the older, CG the younger
reading; but we are by no means sure of this. For the reading
of F(H) may be a peculiarity of this one MS or of its
"family"; while the reading of CG may be in the true line
of transmission from the original translation. If now we have
the situation complicated by the addition of the most valuable
witness, the Cod. Par. (Y), the value of readings drawn from
codices like G is greatly enhanced. When Y differs from
F (H) and is supported by G or CG, we may conclude that
it contains the true (i.e., ancient) reading; conversely, when
G supports F (H) against Y, then we justly condemn the
reading of Y as peculiar, however far back this ancient codex
21
serves to carry it. Hut as there arc innumerable places where
G sides with C in a reading manifestly due to the later
recensions, it is possible that among these many places not
a few will be found where F (H) and Y differ. What then
is to decide ? Not the greater antiquity of Y, for F (H),
though somewhat younger, is indisputably a MS that embodies
the ancient text. Only the readingsof another MS, manifestly
independent of both F and Y, yet rarely infected with the
later readings of C and CG, can supply this need. Such a
MS is Cod. Hav. (R).
In one word, this is its type of text : an htdepindent branch
of the ancient F (H) Y type^ somewhat modified by the earliest
(CG) recension, and corrected by a later hand (through Genesis
and much of Exodus) in conformity with C (G).
The following facts, summarized from a thorough collation
of the text of Genesis, and of 15 selected chapters Exodus-
Ruth, with Dillmann's text, will serve to exhibit accurately
the general relationship described above.
i). Comparison of R with F, H, C and G in Genesis.
Agrees with:
F alone,
19
times.
H ,
7
G ,
38
c ,
lOI
FH,
IS3
, ')
CG.
236
, ')
1-1 IG,
4(30
FG.
19
HG,
5
i) Of these, 5 occur in IV, 15— VI, 11.
2) Of these, 35 occur in IV, 15 — VI, ii
22
FHC,
34 times,
FC,
8 ,
HC,
9
FCG,
15 .
HCG,
27 ,
Disregarding the minor • divergences of F and H, which
are of no practical bearing for the discussion, we observe
that by this showing, R adheres to the presumably older
text against CG, which normally represents the earliest
recension of which we have any knowledge, 179 times, but
to CG against the older text 236 times. From these figures
we must in justice subtract the agreements drawn from the
section IV, 15 — VI, 11, in which the text of FH is not the
old text, but apparently a very late and poor substitute *).
This reduces the former figure by 5, the latter by 35. Ilcncc
we have 174 to 201, or about the proportion of 7 to 8, as
the proportion obtaining in R with respect to its adherence
to F(H) and to CG respectively. Again, still treating F and
H as one witness, we find that R agrees with the indubitably
ancient text F(H)G 484 times, and with the emended text
C loi times; that it agrees with the presumably ancient text
F(H)C 51 times, and with the presumably emended text G
38 times. These figures are doubly significant. They show
that R's adoption of the emended text occurs only about
once for every five times that it is avoided; and this high
ratio serves to suggest two possibilities: first, that where R
agrees with G against FC, F may have felt the influence of
the recension, while G, here as so often elsewhere, escaped
it; and second, that many of the places where R agrees
with GC viay be instances, not of R's adoption of the recen-
i) Cf, Dillmann, pp. 28 — 30.
23
sion, but of GC's preservation of the old reading, that is, in
other words, of the individual peculiarity of F(H).
2). Comparison of R with F, H, C and G in Exodus-Ruth.
In order to ascertain whether the type of text thus revealed
in Genesis is maintained evenly throughout, 1 5 chapters were
collated in the remaining books of the Octateuch : four in
Exodus, one in Ruth, and two in each of the other books.
Following are the results. R agrees with:
F alone.
47
times.
H ,
3
G ,
26
c ,
20
FH.
112
1
CG,
93
FHG,
129
FG,
4
IIG,
I
FHC,
8
FC,
I
HC.
I
FCG,
I
HCG,
2
It will be seen from this summary that even more than
in Genesis R presents in Exodus-Ruth the ancient, unemended
text. It agrees with F(H) against CG no less than 162 times,
with CG against F (II) but 93 times. It preserves the indis-
putably ancient text of F(H)G against C in 134 places, and
abandons it for the emended text of C in 20 places. Thus
x) In Ruth a Europenn text, which Dillmann designates by N, takes the
place occupied by H in the other books. (Dillmann, pp. 215 f).
24
the ratio of 7 to 8 in favor of CG in Genesis becomes almost
2 to I in favor of F in Exodus-Ruth, and the ratio of about
5 to I for F(H)G in Genesis becomes nearly 7 to i here.
Again the warning may fairly be uttered, that the agreements
with CG against F, and even the agreements with G against
FC, need not all represent just so many adoptions of the
emended text, but may in many cases mark individual
peculiarities of F, or instances where F has been affected
by the recension.
For the purpose of determining, even more accurately than
was possible with the materials furnished by Dillmann's various
readings, the type of text contained in R, the writer has
collated R throughout Genesis and the 15 selected chapters
Exodus-Ruth, with the text of Y (Cod. Par. 3). This unpub-
lished text, of supreme value for the study of the Ethiopic
Octateuch, is in the writer's possession in manuscript-form,
and could thus be used for this comparative purpose in
advance of its intended pubHcation. Appended is the result
of this.
3). Comparison of R with Y.
i. R agrees with Y alone:
In Genesis, chaps. I — IX, 83 times.
In » ,» X— L, ^ „
Total for Genesis, 427 „
In Exodus, 4 chaps., 93 ^
In Leviticus, 2 chaps., 25 „
In Numbers, 2 „ 28 „
In Deuteronomy, 2 „ 24 ^
In Joshua, 2 „ 1 1 „
In Judges, 2 . 10 „
In Ruth, I chapter, 5 ,
Total, Exodus-Ruth. 196 „
25
If these numbers are compared with R's agreements with
any other single MS (still counting F and H as essentially
one), it will at once be seen how far they surpass even the
agreements with F (H). In Genesis, the proportion (YR to FR)
is about 5 to 2, and in the selected chapters, in spite of the
enormous increase in the agreements with F over those in
Genesis, it still surpasses them, in the ratio of nearly 5 to 4.
We say at the outset, therefore, that R is very much nearer
related to Y than to any other single codex.
But another series of facts, equally noteworthy and instruc-
tive, should be placed beside these actual agreements of R
with Y. Comparison reveals the fact that there are also a
large number of places in which R differs from all Dillmann's
codices, where Y likewise differs from them and from R as
well. These are the places where the true text may be
regarded as most uncertain ; from the study of them, even
more than from correspondences in readings, is it possible
to trace the relationships existing between R, Y, and Dill-
mann's MSS.
ii. R and Y differ from Dillmann's codices, and from each
other also:
In Genesis, chaps. I — IX, 29 times.
In Genesis, chaps. X — L, 224 „
Total for Genesis, 253 ,
In Exodus-Ruth, (15 chaps.}, 113 ,
Now the 9riginal collation of R with F, H, G and C
resulted in the tabulation of 1485 places in Genesis, and of
495 places in Exodus-Ruth, where R showed independent
readings. These figures of course include even the most
minute variations. It now appears, however, that very many
of these independent readings of R, which made so unfavorable
26
a showing before Y had been compared, find countenance
either in agreement with Y, or in the common divergence
of Y and R from F, H, G and C. For 680 out of 1485 in
Genesis, and 309 out of 495 in Exodus-Ruth, are thus
''vindicated". If suitable deductions are made for the large
number of trivial variations included in the remainder not
so vindicated; if Dillmann's caution is remembered, that his
various readings are not to be regarded as exhaustive; and
especially if it is borne in mind that this surprising result
was reached by comparison with a single codex (Y), the only
strictly ancient text that we possess, then surely there will
be few who will not share with the writer his complete reversal
of his previous estimate of R, after having collated it with Y.
Before that, R appeared a codex with a preponderatingly
good (1. e., ancient) text, but with far too many individual
peculiarities, that in their portentous total suggested a most
negligent copyist. In brief, R seemed scarcely to deserve a
more lenient judgment than that which Dillmann accorded
to Bruce's codex G '). Now the responsibility is shifted. What
appeared as errors of the particular scribe or scribes who
wrote R, now appear plainly as old errors of transmission,
remnants of the naiveti of the earlier Ethiopic documents,
or evidences of a long confused text.
In order to exhibit yet more clearly these mutual relation-
ships of the six MSS, the first nine chapters of Genesis have
been made the object of a comparison in which R has been
not simply collated, first with F, H, C and G, and second
with Y; but also compared with the groups into which all
these five codices fall, when put together.
4). Conspectus of MS-groups in Genesis I — IX.
R. agrees with :
i) Cf. DillmaDD, p. 7.
27
[(i) including Y:J
Y alone, 83 times.
YF.
7
YFH,
16
YFG,
I
YFHG,
7
YFC,
I
YFHC,
I
YFCG,
2
YG,
2
YCG,
36
YC
6
[(ii) leaving out Y:]
. F alone, 9 times.
*)
FH,
50 ,
FG,
5 »
FHG,
50 ,
FC.
I ,
FHC,
14 »
FCG,
4 »
G alone,
10 ,
CG,
57 ,
C alone,
II ,
')
It will be evident at a glance that this is a most instructive
showing. The most striking fact is the frequency of the
groups YR (83), and F(H)R or YF(H)R (82, minus a few
counted twice). In these groups we have undoubtedly the
ancient text, from which in the former case F(H) departs,
and in the latter case (in most instances) Y departs^).
This table also exhibits the fact, already so well known,
that there is little unanimity in MSS representing the most
ancient text. Ethiopic scribes were too careless, the centuries
of copying were too many, for readings obscure enough to
evoke the emendations we find in CG to propagate themselves
i) Of these, 5 occur in IV, 15 — VI, 11.
2) Of these, 28 fall in IV, 15— VI, 11.
3) Of these, 35 fall in IV, 15— VI, 11.
4} Within the same chapters, R has peculiar readings in 92 places, of which
29 are places where V also is unlike the other codices. We may therefore
arrange Y, F and K in a table exhibiting the tendency of each to depart
from the text of the other two.
F(H) differs from YR, 83 times (39 in IV, 15— VI, 11).
R , , YF, 63 ,
Y » « FI^) 59 n (^css some counted twice).
28
by sheer force of accurate reproduction. Thus we find only
23 places in these nine chapters, where Y, F and R all
agree, against the emendation of CG ; and only 8 places where
Y, F, R and G maintained themselves in perfect agreement,
against the demand for improvement represented by C's
divergence.
Finally, by these figures we have demonstrated the appro-
priateness of that warning, already twice uttered, that G,
CG, and even C alone may, when combined with R, preserve
the ancient text over against FC, F (H), and FG respectively.
For here we find actual instances where their reading is
supported by Y, which precedes the recension, and it needs
no argument to prove that the groups YG, YCG, and YC
deserve at least as much respect as FC, F(H), and FG.
When now the additional weight of R is thrown into the
scale with the former series (YG, etc.), there need be little
hesitation in pronouncing F(H} as exhibiting in these few
places the emended text.
IV. Conclusion as to age of R, and its value for a
critical edition of the Octateuch.
From the three separate lines of evidence pursued in sections
I, II and III, we may conclude as follows as to the age of
MS R. It seems to be a MS of the i6tli or i/tt century.
The period between the reigns of Nu'od (died 1508) and
Susenyos (died 1632) would doubtless include the correct
date. But the scribe or scribes who copied this codex had
for exemplar a MS of great worth, which was the reading
book of some ecclesiastical foundation ; it was highly respected
for its text, doubtless because of its age or the reputation
29
For learning enjoyed by its custodians, and hence was chosen
to be the exemplar for this new codex.
But the parent codex had already been the object of its
owners' attention with a view to emending its ancient, corrupted
text. Many readings had been introduced into it, particularly
in Genesis, which had taken their rise in the general official
recension supposed to have been cflcctcd by the Metropolitan
SalamSl and his colleagues at the close of the i^^^ and the
opening of the 14*11 century *). It is impossible to say whether
these corrections were introduced into the parent MS by
erasure and substitution, or by the commoner and easier
method of linin^^ *) the old text, and writing in the new text
above or in the margin. Indeed, it is of course possible that
one or more copyings intervened between R and the parent
MS of the same generation as Y, but this supposition is
unlikely, in view of the small proportion of emended readings
introduced, and especially in view of the archaic orthography
so largely preserved. Each copying subsequent to the 14*'^
century would tend . to obliterate these marks of antiquity.
R has itself received the same treatment as if it represented
the ancient, unemended text, and a single scribe has gone
through it as far as Leviticus, altering it to conform to the
emended text current in his own day (i8th century?). How
a Genesis and Exodus would read, in a copy made from R,
we may judge from R's text thus emended ; just such was
R to its parent MS, into which had been similarly introduced
the corrections popular in the 14th and 15th centuries.
Little need be added to what has already been said (section
III) of the value of R for a future critical edition of the
i) See the article by C. Conti Rossini, "Sulla versione e sulla revisione
delle sacre scritture in etiopico", in ZfAss. 1895, pp. 236 — 241.
2) /. ^., enclosing between horizontal lines.
30
text It will prove to be: i®. a third witness, with C and G,
to the text of the first recension; but 2®. and far more
important, the best means of determining whether F(H),
when it differs from Y and agrees with CG, transmits the
ancient text, or is affected by the first recension: in other
words, a check upon Y, distinguishing its individual pecu-
liarities from those readings in which it alone (apart from R)
preserves the ancient version. The readings of R are there-
fore precisely what ought to be published with the proposed
edition of the text of Y. With R, as well as F, H, C and G,
displayed in the notes of that edition, the MSS will form
themselves into groups, which, except in rare instances, will
enable some future editor of the Octateuch to distinguish
the original Ethiopic version from its later recensions.
BIBLIOTHECA ABESSINICA.
BIBLIOTHECA ABESSINICA
' STUDIES CONCERNING THE
LANGUAGES, LITERATURE AND HISTORY
OF ABYSSINIA
KDITED BY
ENNO LITTMANN, Ph. D.,
Professor in the University of Strassburg.
VOLUME III
LEYDEN
E. J. BRILL
1909
PRINCETON, N. J.
THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
THE OCTATEUCH IN ETHIOPIC
ACCORDING TO THE TEXT
OF THE PARIS CODEX, WITH THE VARIANTS
OF FIVE OTHER MANUSCRIPTS
EDITED BY
J. OSCAR BOYD, B. D., Ph. D.,
Elliott V, Shepard Assistant'H^rofcssor of OricDtal and Old Testament
Literature in Princeton Theological Seminary.
PART II
EXODUS AND LEVITICUS
LEYDEN I PRINCETON, N. J.
E. J. BRILL I THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
1911
c
AHpovpR-HAHVARD
raEOUXJlCAL LlBaART
MAY 2 2 1912
_DrvrWITY SCHnnt
H4-i/* +
PRINTED BY E. J. BRILL, LEYDEN (HOLLAND).
IN MEMORY. OF
HENRY M4RT.YJf>BArRi3
Ph. D.; D.D.^ LL. D., L. II. D.
iiistor;an and educator
CONTENTS.
Page
£xodas I
Appendix to Exodus 134
Leviticus 138
Corrections 239
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^^ 1 X I hvfiif. I fl>/ic*^ • xmo I Afl-if •» I fl»An • ao^h •
9 OA'flh.: la Ae:Ae: 14 nh«»:] n sup ras | t^MO", is 1(1
i:] + l8 16 Uriels] XlefVi
PHCGR 9 6*^ir: R I HAll:] HA«: FHCG om R I iDibBirt C iDAdLf: G
om R I om A.t s 2' R lo a>h9: 5 FHCG I 0-ai^fl ! CG I om OB-ft : R | ^7¥* : R 14 <(M !]
40 AI ! CG I t*t All- : I om «t ! CG I ^MO- h : R 15 a»^*^ :]
pr at(ijr>Oid.cnimfindi c i cm A.cni i* cr i X^»7X:] X^*
A«n»:7X.:rt R I T'SiSr'x 2°] hJitr". R 16 a>n«»7t!] a»n:«?Ct:
(pr A C) FHCG I htiiJ!:: R | «»«•*: FHCG I /fca: G I ft-ls c jH-1:
R I «»M ! FHCR '« ! G I l-aAf i FHGR V-fl^t : C
htt'in 1 " 0^11 1 aoKh* I T/H- 1 h A A API I a»Vlf*'h • im-rt. •];,_,
•flXft. . ^-flilflj I ^Jt"^W I hlTTtrl t iDrkfl I AV I mhM'V 1
hflTV.* 1 '«»fl»|MI.A-7 1 AK(i 1 KAno 1
V7Jt I M • n^Ji-n • Hue I "©X^Ji-'i*: • -aim • aoVdfii I
T'+ I ttv I 'I'fl^r I «!•?*<• I A^*+ 1 2kA^h.A 1 )k»"'7'flC«i»- 1
lOhahVlB, I aiOC7 I hOhf-f-ao' 1 '^fl 1 X'7ll.^'flfh.C 1 ^9"'^fl
|?0P. I *«0iA9°O I 7i'7ll.^'n«li.C I 70(?- 1 iD'hHh^ 1 X'711.^
'fldbC i nDfliAU* I ll')fl I A'flCyy" I iDf>ArK4> I a»f6JHl 1 '"id
')fll|l0o. I Xlll.^'flfh.C I A^.^ I XA^h. A a ai'th9^d i A*0d- i
» flillA- I flo-A. I JE.A 1 idAXMi • OHA'h • li<^ 1 A
hUdyC 1 11)^ I XA^ • }k9°A0'lh I iDClif I 0»*A. i h0D I hr'd
18 A^Alltll: 19 tOfi^UAO". sup ras I •flXA.: int lin 20 XtlJi:
17 «DAfttt : F 18 Xc :] -(- o» ! 19 O'/h.n :] a»lin R* a»lfn s R" PHCGR
20 AAT Ji«U- : I «^* :] i-r to FHCO | .,... hooTI i CR | f ^:>«. ; | AflJlft. :]
A«»-X'F ! -nXrt. : R a I •aha. O pr >^je-C : o»M : Ifttf" : Aa»-Xl5 : R |
M-i. I] rt.T* : FHCG rtJTif. : R 22 (15^"^^ s R I lh.C + o'nM s
(DA^ s afAoD?- : MiSHC t XlH : AflJi : <0A^A}i : Afrf : MM : X^f IL s
Xy»X/!: ^Cn:: FH 23 ffl)79fr: R 24 om Xva^-advCs bis R |
lOeoo't] + a»fty»0: 2" R I a»^ft#li*!] om a» r m i jBCl: FH
CG I y»jtjy» :] pr «»7C? : F oycj : HCO M : R
6 EXODUS
XAi I idXCAJB. I M^Af I flfl.f I XC: I h0D I ^.^fD'^V. i ndot n
•flffbC i K1II.K I X9*d0'1* I ID^fkA* I 0O.A. I 0O.A. n^fktfn
Irlh I ohh-P I 'aijMLA* i \.-M'<:-fl • Tif • ff;»-A • h'HhXh •
7i9°Xli»"Alfl 1 hn-h I h9'
Ah I h-flcyy" I mhr'Ah i ^>Arh4' > aih9^Ah • /d^ i iD<^ni i
111 I 0P-A..I TkAup I i.CO I ))f f? I 4>Jl' i hin.Kilth.Cn^mf'
fl>A- I 2k'7ll.^'flfh>C I AA.P7 1 'iDJ^ML^ • Vu-i TUf^ i Aft
3 H'a«»' s V-a» t] kf'foo' 1 7-OJt : sup
FHCGR i X-nfUh: PHCG Xnifth: R I a>XCA^:] om to | -H^A^-.OAJEL: R | om
h"" : R I Hlr : 00 • R 4 X7ILX :] "inde ab hoc versu usque ad cap 9 t
20 in C nonnum<|uain ejcclum, sa'epissime lanien in XVIU'flrfhC mutatum
est; etiam in G passim ita mutatum est". Dili.m. | om ooygj^i R | om X7tL
4-nrtj.C! I ^n,:] pr at \ y»ltl.:] om j. R | (D-X-P :] + X7IU : C 5 om
«ts R 6 Ajn>/)h:] 'h: I *ni!h: CG | 7»!] 7Jl: R post oiK/t: | om
t^oo ! 7 X7IL4>fl4U: :] X7liX : Dillm. | ^f :] cXt : 8 (HXn/unx :
FH I at^ti'S'V i] (id,£M,r\: FHCG (DA^CIkPli R I a»AlClA^:] a»Al£.' FH
ante (DA/^fFls C | (DAA^AftFl:] a>rtA.f(K CG (item v 17, cap 13 v
5, cap 23 V 23) om A R 9 W !] post J-^OO- ; R
Mttuaxt:
III 10—17
iMi '7'flX'i ID;^■IDA^ I /Ktl'flf I f.'M' I M^^Ai X9°£'4:i '7'flX-a
•^n 1 AC^l 1 •»T-i»» I •?'fl«' I iohuD I hahbhf^' I AA*+ 1 ^A
^h.A I IxrSL'l. I '7'flX a " mf^tir 1 XIIL^-flfibC 1 XAoo • M
llAA- i ""-Ai I KhnWMi
fh.C • ID^) I ?»• I hrhOHC I 'M I ^•fef I KA^h.A I ID^•flA*o*»
XJ-Ah I Knuh«"' I /.ifliJi • •mh'^- 1 iDf.h\ML « A1^ « ^
•»+ I A'flA-<»»* I "di^,O.A- I ^Ill.^'flai.C I M I Ohlxii I IIIIA-
iDj&fl>A* t hii i •1-flA-<^* I hfA:,* t ^A^;bA I MUA* i i.'iatX
•^fl.h""- a "fli'}^. I ^n.A- I X'7ll.^'a<«»*AJi I 'l-flHA/^* I "fl^l»o^^tl• I hA'l';''flK I CA^ilT'^'
Aft** I XA^h.A I ©-l-nA-fl"* I Jk^llA I X^Ah I ^nfljtl*"
AA-hC^f^ I X»"Ah • tx-tiar I mhrMi I J&A/h* • mhr
Ah I ^A*-fl I Mn I >HIA I AiOh% , -)iDXrVh1f)0»' • Mk***
tf-A- • M+ 1 n)tHi*h«"' • n-flrii.*: • i-ajt i "idmi. i m^ia
16 «ft+C«».:] pr AfttP'flXh'W':
10 a>:MP-()X: R II om M: R I om A^if sXn^/kA: R is X7H. FHCGR
^•arfvC:] JiVaX: UiMM. om R I om «: i" R | 0A4I-: R | flint: M
y»C;] onilt S t*^C ! FHCG OJint : ;»" R I *OH{}l>iIP«H»'! FHCO
*«wAhy I"" ! R 1 3 a»M ! ?»• :] «»?«• s (om (0 C) M 1 1 ;(rfia>-C s] ante
M : R I o'X-aA'O^ :] + A^'fcf : Xri^^^ : R | fOfiHattt. i FH iDMA
Ai,: C 14 HtfAr: 2°] + a>-Xt : R 15 X7aX:] XTat-flrfu:: R |
HA9A^:] om H R I arHhCtO +t: R i6 afOP^Jkh. :] rfi.C : C + h(n> :
O \ CliKUra^ Tifl"* ! FH AXfr7 : C | om A^if ; C 17 Xl^Atioo* :
RlX^^^:?^^!!
8 EXODUS
III 1 8 — 23
iLfJ n ai%CiiL9*J » aihja.A.Pl a at-hi- • r'f:C i Mi- 1
l-fl***!! 1 AAJI I amo'id I "fl»|!.A»"0' I /'•Ah i lD^•nfl»•^ i
X'»+ I aiMi<''l I XA^A.A I -W i It-w i ^-flX" i id-'NIA» i X
•711.^ I X^Ah I *-n<5.fljn • R<»*0» « mtthC • Mh I 9'i'hV/i>
ipA-ft I *A1* I A+A I hoD 1 -JiP.* I KhIlOi I ^^Ah* • "iDXiiD}k0Dli.i\.A9^*^i^O.A- I IJt*. I fl»-fl+ I f^f:C I fflJiVl* • XC« I f
f:C I fl»>f I «»»•*. » ^»"kl^ a 'fl>JE.n.A- 1 XIILX • A^^'A. i A
18 ^Ah! R I a>AXf<7: iv i A^ntCXth:] CX sup ras i m
PHCGR a)Ji£M,9^ : FHCG | «|iA.-n : (oao^c : R i8 lOfi.tiyO' : HG | iDtaiaM\ t PHCG
a»XlWI : R I ATI : ATl-fl :] AAmW i c | n^^'XIPov j] om a FHCG |
A.ta»$*. ! I Ofr^llf fl"** i R 22 :)-Ata>-;hA :»'fttTAA : c tta>ifiA s
R pr *A : I foXr^AClf : FHCG a>X^:>^;f 5 R | ondc^ s a> j^^A : R I
a»ta»je-^>': c | a><0:] om ifls R I a'tifiAA^J"*"*' s FH a>t/ltnAjK
yav s CG IV I (D^oDh, :] om ID CGR | <0A.Ay°O' :] + L s R I <0j&|b
Ai.!] XlH:AnAi,!R 2 om Aoo-A : R | y»1tTf :] 'm s R 3 7A4-!]
+ Xft»h : R I y»AC ;. i°] + a»7^4- : a»-ft1- s y»J!-C: CG | Xr'Vfi R
4X7aXs]X7IL4'a/hC! R|
i'ih I hfJIn I ai'}'^h I amtt' I oA^fTi I MLtf- 1 oo-A. i t a)A9"Ah I ^44^ a
*a)je>a.A- I ^'7ll.7i • hdn • Anit-A. I JUS> • XO i fD-A-h • AiA
Ih I maijllf I hfuth I ohAI* i /hfty- 1 iD)&fl>A- 1 honAX i hfJh i
X^OHAi* I AAlh I mh^bh < XK.!!* i hfSieXO' i oilfiH* i
V^A7;^y I X*>! i A»"X- a ' mf.O.lf i llAfl i j^ i XR.h i flJ-AI* i
(IhAlh I iDiD^f I M^u- 1 tV'A'h > !hOi.o- • id^-1 i ^fl>A* i h^
bh I XA.h I hr'ihd'ih I iDAa>*AX i hSLih • X9"Ai0^il* i iDl'fl
X'l- 1 hup I t'fl^: I /*':>0' a iDj&a>A- • hao I A.A9°y-h i loh,
A9'0'h I /l-Ah I M-hf'C I M+^'TL « f XJ^h • fl^fA • +K^<. i
Mfiih I * a»X9"h<}o • \.A9"V- 1 nXA* i g i i'hr'C • lD^.A9"f^ i
^Mi 1 1-%/»7i I X«7f I -Mill, I fli-T-hii- 1 fl^A'h i f -nA • ©Jih
Oht t f,aot flJ-Ai- 1 f "HA I n/lfh i '^^ i Ift'lKh i X/'+hll. i
"'oiJB.Il.A- I ao-ii t AK*?!!.}! • XA'l*n4>^flh • hlllh i t'S'^f i
^h i AA-flf i iD'I'h'I'f I iDKje> I XMt: R | nti: phcgr
5 h7l:] om -H: | HH-fChfitt-hi et +»: R | XVHJki] +ftiat r | xn
^aft>: a'] +»ldnj R | Xy»a»-
AtsAl^lh:] Xy"AOlhi I }iy»A9i.O-:] Xy>;hdi-s CG (item v 7 bis c
et i" G) I M* I Itat^Y i Ay» I ( X : CG) FHCG »(i'i^f I Ay 9 : e"W:
R 7 omit }Ui;u«: I' R 8 XoD:] pr A R I a»*.rty»IHi:] om h! |
?*y»>.hs) om h; FHGR 9 fO^jr^aOi] (DAXo": R | AA^f.:] +hJ
CGR I iDA.A^O' I] + h 8 R 10 Khirtt^Oh 1 1 ♦<«»l? s) post AA-flf J
R I 0A^:] IDA.'. CR I A:] pr Xy» | ^'t'H: G AX'^ii: R | ^}.a« :
FH fii-a-ai GR M^i-n: c +^je^h: r
to \! EXODUS
^ oo-ht iDlin I hi, t A^IA I haoAif(0' 1 ataoi- 1 IHC i fly<»B «
IV 1 2—20
MilAiDh I ^1-fl-fl • "fli^n. I Xft+n+^Uh • Mil.* 1 1/**/^ 1
Ah I ndft I nf-Yifii I M'VAXh a "id+*»o • iDj&fl.A- 1 )vh>- 1 W « hCl I Xu-nii I A.!** I idX
KZ-C I hao 1 VrUn I IS-Ml-n • Ah *Vih * <«»-X+ 1 f^bhtfiPt*
fl Ah • mf'Chf.h > fl»^'l*^"/A » " fl»-mi7 • ffl'T-ffl-l > :*Af i
Ohii-t I Kf.U< i idM I hiJirAi I M'h i OlM'tf* i IDKA> I A?iA- 1 MH.^'fl A.C I Aoi».ft. • arf:/: • ^^•/j* • %*> •
iDihC I -n A.*: • ^-flX" « XA<*» • 1"* ' rtilrao' • XA • i^f^'rf I
A>r*Ah 1 " aiirh I flW'rt. • "nXA.* i fl»ft*# • ©XOTaw • -^.A •
MiJ».T I iD-l-IlK I •flrh.^: I "WMt 1 aHl^h i oo-A. i AM;»'h'l:
>
14 Ml-ati'MI'a : Cn-fls R) «? "l^*:
FHCGR " ojjttfPHiDj] + a>¥i:/hs C | a)iiaU,i FHCG (dO-4:s R | A.MII':! *
W.;CR|«!] +a»-Xt!C|X7aJk:l^ft:R i*«:]pr«» «3 ««»
^ft:l +aiHa: C | nO^O pt hM:H^trtAh: R I HtWitls] Kl-fls R
14 a»ty"00 : R I om XTHAs R | t^C:R i6 ^Mh:] a»jBho>-Ihs R 17 X
11- :] Xft«» : R »8 *nW s] *:>'»^? s R I •fl't>'<: ••] P' "^ftt : I om a»X
^fi^tX — 7.0M-! a" CG 19 WJ *4s FH \ a»f^*:]'As
Mlnmhti II
IV 31 — 31
fl>A* I h1U,h-a,h.C I Ano'Ai I Mil I i'AahC > iD'I-MIA i •n
AAUh I huD • ^nue I ♦Jt'Titf- 1 hi,ci"i • ©M • hxid • ah •
loKK'i-'iP » AAlMl « *» iDh-J+A I '>-flA- 1 A4{.C/"} • haoTl i
f-fl I K'Vll.ik'nrli.C I (DAJ^f I lintfCf • iD-^i: 1 Ml-h.fii I
'^iDX'flAh I ^y- 1 Aill-flf I h
Jth • /^lf.75»» • Khr'Cth I Mh • hiio I X+1-A- « Ki • AoiAJth •
llfltf-Ch 8 «*idJi» I nT-T-T I noHA-h 1 1-\f.C I -h^iiO I ooA
Kh • Jk'llU « fl»^+^ • P4"1'A- 1 « iD»/^X-l- 1 A.;^^ I flA- I A*Ai i OhM' i «h4>A • (D
*•»<: 1 iDi'^hfi I n^.-fl/. 1 2k'7ii.h'flrfi.c I ati'hr'V • "©Kis.
Jt'^ I oo-A. I Ahc?-} I H-A- 1 ;l*A I JillU i llAMi i idH-A- . +
A/'^ I llKllli I >*idM* I 0P-A. I at^c?'} i atM-tl-tth i V^A' •
X7i<-->0v I hfAi* i TkAiS-^.A a *° miieao' t hlT} 1 1f-A* t ^A i
M+ 1 iie I X'7ii.;k'flai.c . Aflo-fl. 1 mind I -hx*?*: • n^jt
31 (DAJ&O^O ^ ■"( '■" ''^* '5 <0«'i£'#^!l om (0 CODJ 36 1i^y"S
31 in»je:y»in> : R | tVAC: I ♦.e'^lh:] pr R I JSXIO: FHCO | iifii] FHCGR
+ Ad.cn i R I a'A^^lJ"*"^ : R 2* X7a«>a+ 1 ATl-fl I ?i*"'7a<- 1 ri»<- 1 iDnoAh I K;hHn • 9^f:C i Hih •
nvocc^ I x/"7'flcr<»»* « •©^mii t :A^C^s I A^AoocX:
3 fDfiO,M> :] & ex A* emend Y* 5 •ail*}' S | HlOCfiO^ S 6 700 : I
PHCOR Xftfl" S 2°] pr a» FHCG om R | om C?l<* ! R V i om AiC^ : C | X?
at-flttbC :] X7HA ! D1L1.M. I dAAti i 2 OBJ. :] pr rt R I '"•Xt :] + XV
RM/tbCs c I A^A^CZ:] pr a» R | A^4W :] pr A FHCG 4 '^«»•5
FHCG H?/h' R I a»A.y»ltl :] om I R I Xo» s] Xft I fhfiifi- 1 A-«"- 1 rhip<: • "anih-A •
IIAA I dA'l-h*"' I flhuD I hoD I liMlh*^* I «hi»»<: I "iD^+/*'
if*^ I n-^n I ottM' « Ac/'i • cD^n.A5pfl"- • a^^t- • hjt-d,
Kf^ I T-flO+h""* I ^H-A I nhoo I -l-Jil* I f-^i I " Oh< I X
^^.0o. , Aft*+ 1 XA^.h.A 8 aiKuHf 01. i 'W i /.C/'f i - : | fDjC^tiyinx: ,4 r^i,^
t: FHCG(7)|f7piB';] I^XfaD'. CGRjOA^t:] W>ts R I TMli't
hiro- : I f oPi, : R 15 OA. i] pr a» | t&ftf <"»• s] t7'nCff«»' : R | AA7-n
Ct :] 'th ! FHCG A^i« « "©GXP •
Xfh^-f <^* I AA'fct > hH^h.fi I h0D I nxti.^ t UAffl. I atj&n.A* I
h9"f'af''m I IIAA I dA-l*i 1 Kf^^Kli t Tii-li a •*J^4iD I OttMi I hfiD < taofohf* I A^A I OHAt > X&U* •
nu I jE.+1-Ai I *" on-fl^ « ""-A. « -^n I ^^ll.^ • ©i^n. • x^m* •
^•Kiio I *hnh- 1 -w I Ac^i 1 MIC • n;**Ah i K
M I n^C^l I tihao . flX/t • JtlA-l- • ^OJP'^- • fl»n«ii»lW.
d-1* I A* A1- 1 yatdhyi^' • li*"/t<- 1 • iD'h'?7C I Mll.^'fl^li.C •
Ao"-A. I of-au^ I M I a»*}ki: > hin.'h i ■ AAii^1ih i AK'fl
Cyr • ©AliAA* • iDA^d*-fl I hhao i hT'M*'^ i M udA
/•f • X-IILX I mh^f.dlnP''" • ♦ ani«Nlh- 1 aoihhf i -^Cllf «»" i
1 8 (D^hvcA > I o'lMlO'Vhoo'A ! cf R I Tif-MicB* I PHCO|t>flA<:
19 714-ii! FHCG 20 0A■^<>**': a« rtJtO :] pro i »p«» « I't "»« VI i ?a»
^X^OD*: 2 «D1*^C:] 0»1*l', 1*f sup ms I lit Y' 4 ante OD^Af:
spat I lit rasae | «||Alf <>■>' :
FHCGR <0*}iv-O:] om a» R I AXVIL^-fl/lkC : X^^'IM : c i8 fiiMU] 'X: KH
CG pr a» R I <07ni< s] om a> R | (0«||U'/;A :] om OJ I a>TMtftA s Ct'rt s
R) I rH'Mia^ i FHCG I ^-a/i. t (pr 7nt s Miao- : R) 19 Xjn»TNl
Pflt n : R I HAA :] a»A R I A.WJW : 20 a»td.trtIPfl»* : R I o»AA
CIO +»iU?t: R I fl*+o«^8) pr n c 21 h«»: 1°] XA« Ajn»1t : R | n"H ATI : R I *"H-nh :]
om h I -Lffht! 23 n-H!*Ti-nh!l (Uhv-ahi vi 1 WttJi-aiMH]
X7HA : I om Al : I £a)9rnai>- : 2 X7a4-a/M: : Aa^-A :] ord inv FHCG
flB-A : AX7H.4-(l/hC i R 3 *fttC*/ih. :] Wa^ s R pr H I *y»'»»un^s]
post Ms R|om X7HAs Cl«iKOtijPai>': FHCR A^^^OhPO*- s G
4 aJO+flh-O o***^^: I «n»#liAts FHCG <>?A^{S R (item V s) I
rf:i: I hVM I ^/tC I M-h 1 -IW- 1 fl|.ft•fc;^ 1 • ©M • A** \
iD-hifhClh t iipAiAF I *K9'n I nA-<^' I tifA:^ • ^A^^A t
AO-A • fll^)kf I fin.j'< 1 7a)MAKh<^* • A.-!' iiDKhiD->1fi0»* 1
hJ-Ah I hh-adVr • A^'Arli4> • a»hfd*-a • aiXu-nti"^ • A1fi<^' I
ncfll- 1 M • Jk^H.^ • » milC*" • '^ A. 1 h<»pTI 1 AA*+ 1 hh
n • i-flC""- a ^'> iD^iLA* I ^^ii.)* • A"^ A. I " n?i I atine • m,
Jt-<. 1 » iD'K7/. I »"• A. « fl»JE.fl. « ^f:int I ^•7II.^ 1 9tf- 1 fAs,'¥ 1
KA^h.A I ix^ro-x < <(.(:/"i I xt: 1 f'iiroi, 1 idm i air n
5 A^'fe+S] J!**! »»P n>s » li" I ^tlJ^**""^!] 1^ sup ras 6 AAifi \
tOMOOma^ i I <0AJ^fhf HOB* s I o'Xfk'HtD-liaD' ; | nOA^ i 7 A^^ :]
ti: I H*"*^**!*"^! I ii^Xr^i] Xye.: I a»Jky»AWlPh' I a»?iy» : OXA : (»ic) 12 hJ^^TW. :] pr XT" At s a»t?7i s
— XA&JkAt repet
9'Si&i\ pr hoBsXtf-nfln*: (*ll' COR) | Wjtt: R 5 rt«»70h.: 6 (1 phcgr
/foo* :] pr a> R I X7ILK :] + X7IL4'a(M: : c | aHfD^tkXia»' 1 1 nooH^O
tt; (om ? FHCG) | OUilfi] pr a» om ? FHCG 7 a»;»-Xy»4.; FH -A I n)f*{< I AXA^A.A I y.? a ^S*!. I llanVI: i •hiD'A^.tf- 1
ACILA I » >^*+ 1 A*-^7 • ^r*h.A 8 (Bfl.'i a fflA^Ji* « mf
\n 9 mhhC n iDAh.?kA I •)HOhMt * I'idA^- •
tihrp'i I "Two-K* • >iA«w:if«^ I AR*+ 1 A.1J I nn • \itn>
)|9 ilD 2 » " ©JiA- 1 A«»"»+ 1 >!.«ft+ • ICAr a A-at « lDA<^d a
nn.+ • Kn*if«"- a "iDR«ii+ • ^vt * hr^m-r' a mfi-Atic a
(Dlri'flf?! a atp-nffii a di'}0i>i* I ;h^lD'l: I A^*}*!* I JF (D «9 i *}
fl»'A>i • A.% I nn I Moo/^*"- 1 «"fl»»/^K • A-+ 1 htacr' •
•fl^rt.•^ I f-h-flJ?,' I idA'I' I X'Vw- 1 AMl'U* i anDhfA- 1 a-+ i
AAf?7 I idA'^'A I mhlCf i M-f««"' i m^iwh i thf-ai'P i A
X'>nC9° • ; ID 3 I 'inD^ a "|D>^4!4> I tihC i •F^L i idV^,1 a
anihC a » jl^H' • fim * 'l.A.h. A a idA.AA^7 a idA;**^ a
14 -ffo-^ilhi
FHCOR 1 3 .fD-JfAo^* : «4 nftt :] nn : ftt 8 1 An«lf «"»• 8 1 :?? ;] Jfffi 8 + a>¥
A.AAAs FHCG I am/iCi fhcg oj^scs R I <0^A.A3 R | ^Jjis FH 4-
VA: G 4-t*ft8 c itX^is R I t'D-A^.s i6 •H0»-Xt8] pr a) I Ol^^s
DiixM. a»#9^! R et D1M.M, annot. | fOyi^ ; FHCG | f^Olg «7 7C
Ms CG I (Dtuilti R I nnsftt! R I KdVffao". CGR i8 }kjr>nd^8
FHCG X1'nC>"8 R I fOfA\tC'. F a»^'t*C8 HC mfAlPC: g (D^AIiC:
R I (ormiii FHCG I Jfoifl:] +a»je c 19 fU^'. R I oo/h.^: FHG
«7/tiA.A.^O s R I "'^t^ '• *'HG tou'vi 8 c ojA;!'^ : r
A«t:H0Ati 17'
yi..a3-!-)d
Xti: I omdAA^ I /H: i f^-n a ath-aV'J^ a ID^A^HC a IDK.
+IIHA* 1 A*kA'»ilC I Hhm I V/*'^ • A-+ 1 •flXA.i* i
h9"lk7AJ^ t ^m./^? t anDlifA- 1 A^?AA • 'HonXii i t>S<^t
m I ai«^fl. I TkA I j&n»A-o^ I X'7li.^'fl XA^A.A I hr'-nau • '7'nxr i o^a. • mhtn » K
jt<: I i-nx- 1 " +V7cr I X"?!!.?! I A«»- A. « a»jE.n.A- 1 M ihhx* I
X'7lU I "ilC I A^C^? I Itu* I '7'nx: i t^A- 1 HM i hilAh «
"oif.n.A- • "••A I AX'7ii.x • Tu- • o^v • M • xc: I j&ArOi I
^ atf,a,llr I X'7II.X i A0"'A. > ?l^ • ilAjE'thh i hr'^h i in. vn 1-3
en • iD^m I X'Vh • Kfittlh • Irllf i 'iD^li'A 1 7'7C <
tfA- I nhttilMn I ipAfT'} i AjB.7'7(? I hi.CF'i i h0o t f^j
fi^ I A jl«t I XA^hi A I Xf'X'^^ • > idM i KK7A i AH i AiCC
»S I/"*-* I tfl»-A/n»»: a8 nOAt: R 30 ^^: vii 1 ia^:
23 Mfl s ATP :] ord inv I lUJXM^ l FHCO I ftoif <« I I X'tt :] + MKt^i FHCGR
FH + AI*AT : CO + AMft : R I a»*.:^"VC » FH tOf.fr'C i CO aiA.tO
«»TC: R *4 JJ**:] pr a» R | *AC: FHCO | tOMltf^i FHCO a)A
■Of ftff 8 R I tO'-iiJ!. : »5 o»*MHC s Dillm. J f.atf.'i t \ aNDAJSt ;]
+ fri: ! FHCO I A&lAfI : PH AAl/hA : CO | tat-tipao- •. | Alljrahjn i
R 26aD^:(0iun:R|JP':FH 27 Xfl"^* : XA* :] ord inr |
tnOiiy i I AlT-tf* :] oin A I fat^imo' : H 28 IVIC : I X7H.«-a^«t i KA^^A I X<^}kh A-o"- H • m-MK- 1 <^ A. *
ai^in I tthao I >kHH0^ I K'llt.X I hllh I l-fl^- a ^ aiti> i A
<^A I f » 9<»«»1* » athhan ffto»St'i9'thain •KlCf' i
AiCC/*! a atf-fUtr"^ i }i'7ll.K i A0"*A. i loAlkfn i * }iifn •
Ji-Vh 1 'i/*'h I AH I at-C I I ^f^ao I «s 7 V»t«] 't: I AACPI: 9 AH: is ««»<»'4a>a»(n>' : | AO^^ 0A^^ : R 5 H-A- 1 PHCG | 4i/h^ :] lUh^ :
FH om R I a>]ifo-6»at»: r 7 (0M>: cgr | 9<>»1*:] Vy": FHCG 0"*
*: R I #o»Jf] om to PHCG #a»g R I i] 'iao-t; r 9 oo-f :] 'l:
C|AH:] AJll^'totso'AHt: R 1 1 /ft4!Aa»-/l : R | A^&jPtlf «»• :
12 iDnA- • X'liU * A9"Ah I A-n^^^T • AAaii:* -VIM •
Mif I J&ilA i ^>-)k i rlhlf n I huD t J&OhdJ^^ i flrh^'A 1 idVU- I
Kii'^dh I Xfth 1 Hi: • " huoii i l&fl, • X*?!!.}^ • nhli* 1 mi: •
;f*;kf"C I h0D I M • a»-Ki: 1 hlthh > M • htt-tlT • fl>l • fl^C •
M-t I fl»'ft+ • X5Lf I ^,0 1 •?]& I M<«»'A+ 1 "I'hll. I affMo»''i i
>iflo I "©jE.iiofl*'* t 9*^+ I +hll. 1 (Df.Of.h 1 +hll. I ID^.JS.
IflA- . 1-nK I fl-l:f I nf- 1 Hfl»-fti' I +hll. a " iDlB'IkA- 1 X'TllA 1
hbfXlff^ * iD^n I tf-A- 1 f^+Vflo t •??•<»«»• t iDf'hto-'i t >i
fliiD-A'i' I fc-o*} a *" flmn. I hfloii « ••• A I oiTifn I nhflD i fc
Uiio"- i ^'7ll.}i I idAAOA t Km I n^'f? i atuam I "7? • thll. t
a^K:a« I ^cn I (oa^K:tm 1 odi&i-' • i»li> • f^ao • «7j^i iioh
A+ 1 i-hll I " i0l»+ 1 ^'I'l- 1 Hfl»*A+ 1 +hll, I at^h • +hll, a
«7 JI"«»:] int lin cf R i8 fOhJUattiV-OSri] sup ras nisi » 19 A¥
om OJ-M: : R I 70H :] 70 : G I a»M;Mit :] a»AX' c 1 1"yX : R 16 041 FHCOR
£ja»-ri: R | AUd: HO ATM?: (om f R) CR | fiBaofu,. CR | *.rt«y ,.
Oh: CO A^Ay»}h: R I Ht:] +OAV! CGR 17 OMl- s mt 1] ATI
TF: I «: «"] pr '! R | a»Ms^y":] '«»: R om CG |
o»-ftt: a"] pr a» R I X-fll:] AOOI: C ao om OtC: R I "V?!] + Ha»'
At ! 21 mr-t t FHG I At? : fhcg | ^00 : CGR aa fh^VJPI :
FH dti'^ohfi: R rfi^^i: CG
99 ; EXODUS
Vll 23 — 29 "^
l/^A • Afl* I mi'MJ • " rnhdV- 1 tf-A- 1 "WUr • ^<«»'^ I A+hH. i
K0D I AOrd I AA^ i WJ^d i Iffl/n i X'TII.X • Ai-hll. n '*>ai/'.
(Wk- i MlOi i Ao"*Al f nX I 'Mi/.f:/"}iOiflA*ih0D'Hii&fl,t
K'TII.^ I ^y- I ;ih'H'flr i h0» i f.Oa^^X • nA4>A i " mhao I
^fl j&h I M+ I itliP-f fl^ I Vim M 1 XlMlT i tf-A- 1 K£-aiT i A^jt<: • i
A^.CJn:1 om A (A sup init i R) 24 «•*•:] «• sup ras 28 tNlTC
It 8 1 a»a»-ftt ! 3"] pr a»«P-ft t s X-Kth : a»^t»t :] 't:
3 A<:ftfl8cf CR|
FHCGR 83 a»A.t1/"*:] a»*.t«>».^m ; c | aWP pr o» fho 24 jfA- : | ^id-
«.; R I mitf'i R I Atf : FHCO 25 Aft-0:OAt: FH AltO : ovTOti :
CO 27 (DAXov: R I ^IM-: FHR 't: Q | a4U:Kfts FH 04m:«1
9t : C n4u:fi^ ! OR (iiem vT 28, 29, cp 8 vv 1—9) 28 OrtYii] MLPth :
CR I ai.»M»JPth ; R 29 Ali-flh J et OdJ&th otd iny C | om tDJUklt i
— Oafit-hi R I a»nc7s] om a> viii i a>aAr:] om at \ M-HtitAX.
h:at<:)is] Jtfii}kX,hiatl1:aii R I X¥47:] + 0«aiX/"«7: 2 X
(r}:XA0':] ord iov R I «ns] +A<^7i(D R 3 dtCHTH] the-ttSl'.
FHO ih£^Jfi'.J-a»i c (fi4:^a>-^i:7-fl»s R
^ VIII 4 — IS
mlihCl I oi^n.A-0"- 1 xAf. I ^fl,f I -ha I X^iU t hiio I ^A
tlao I ^uf-O- 1 AX'TII.X H » iD^lkA* i a^'ii i AiLC/"} i OJ^hpI^ i
'^ML I hK.A. • -Kkh i iD^n I onj^^h I at^a * ^ti-nh • hnv i
Mn A I +hll. I jE.-1-Cff 1 • aif>(Uiri^ i i
OA • hmuh I » ai^A.AA i ^dw^ i ^9"n>^h • iDhr'h-af±
hfl^ I iDX9*iifl^'i*h I mhr'ih'iHiih i moa • hhai- 1 +»iii. ,
OKt-itt* K'Tll.^'flJi.C t nhtfo I ^n> I o^A. > flMf- iO"'AV t
liCVV}^ i Ohao I MfH i /.en I 'al-ad • X'7IU I ttUao t
fin, I «»-A 1 atv-i' I tcvwi- 1 ri9'h'aft • oixv^hu-hc 1
X9°AAi«A • »» 0^ A•^;l•n^j» • h»"<: • h^i? 1 id&a^ • ^jt
C I " idM\ I CKf- 1 ifcC^I • huo t M I dC^.-> I h-lMi 1 An- «
©Kflf I A'V***' 1 nhao . van • Miih « "©j&iu- • m
lU 1 A«^A. 1 flA- 1 MtCt I ft4Jh I flX5Lh • fl1-<:h 1 iMMlT i
♦*a»t: 4 t^CW^t : FHCOR 10 li^C:] lHn»C: cf FH
II 14:] Xf: 12 Xjtt: FHCGR
4 fiMlii 1 1 o»AO>* : I h«n» :] ai fhcg 5 Xra. : FHCO | (0}iy>A-a/ fhcgr ,
ttiov:] 'lfi>v:R| thao prOi'fitsFHCG prXflhiR 6 a)^aA>aB'i
om tnxi Alu>y>:] itf*0P: R|a>h:] om(0|HXiaA:]oinHR 7X
y"ft11i :] XST'ih : I a>Jiy»f : •HljPtta' : R | thH. : 8 hvnjt-aihC t]
X7HA: I om aha»:^a:0»'A: 9 a>Xy"*A*A: R a>Xy>A^jt: c
10 ^jfCi] hffi»(?: FH toy»i; c |iy»C! G II Oi¥t: ('ti R) n *
,^0X: FHCG Ol^qX: R | A4 I "(D^ILAJP • Ji^A^-} I AiLC/"» • hKH
di- i X'7ll.h'nA« • ^'7lU •
A«^ A. I X/" « nx-n* • iD*^ 1 4'Jt"Tttf- 1 A • Vl^ « -^fl I
nf- 1 ^AX I OHKi: I iDflA* I haoti 1 JE^fl. 1 K'7ll.^ t^i-tth
tint I h0o i f-Otrnfi-x ' " Kfl^h 1 4.'i9''t • ;ihii'nr •
Vu* i M I hijh I -^(kh 1 0-1(1 i ottf.t'h i 0-1(1 1 ;ii'H'flh I
0-in I ^-n^-th i tnKf • tiA'0 1 j^adax • l^'fi^i- 1 '7'nxr •
KlKf I tiA'fl 1 atohh'H. I f»JtC I M+ 1 I/Am. i hhA-I;;!' 1
" mhMHi I (IJE-M: i dht • n9"/t<: • irt.^ » Mi- • lD•A•i;;^ 1
UAin. I A'H'flr t 0Ur I Kfitik- 1 Jf^X*^ • tlA'O i tinn I ;^^
9"n I hiiD 1 M • ID-VI: I K'7H.^ • ATiA* 1 oAtf'A- 1 9»JtC •
^'0}ki(LAT i '^MA t ;h'H'nf • 0<^hA • /hlMh • 0lv9" 1
fi-hiD'J t imc a ^ ati-m. I Tk*?!!.}! I h<^l^ 1 00oX:K 1 xr'iX:/ >
hA-n I ©nn'l I ID-A+ 1 ^•fl^+ 1 if.cn « mohn-t t h-afi- •
oni&* 1 0IO-A+ 1 »^A• I r'j^d » n-ax • ai*7A>i- • rjtc •
hov : — 1 7 ATMif : | a>fl»-fttZ :] «»>-ft *?* : Z : (sic) 20 oniDAf^ ;
PHCGR 13 om floil-: I" — a-A-; 1° C I a»o»d*1'0 o™
al conj FHCG 14 (fid: R|om Ml
^t:i"'R|
Mt:H0Ati 33
iDj&fl.A'^'"* I A a OiliP-d t ATk'lli.N I h.r^\fl I flhifD • f!»MiX a
" iDj^n>A- 1 iXiPt t M I K4«.7flili«»* • ^•l#»•l^ I AK'7il.K • hr'
Alllfl*"* i flHi^A I atHHiii I ii,1'1-h.++ 1 iDCf i -tik i hitih I " iDjB.a.A-«^ i ?iM
M I KiDdx I h9"'in>h. t idx&a. I ')n I Kmih'tttiu: t id/a.
AA • KtKf • hA'fl 1 X^iLC/*? 1 athfOttMi 1 lA.f" 1 a»K,
^f^r" I Mh I ^A^•lk•fl^ 1 huD I ii,i*it»- 1 Ann i jE.»»•l^ i
hhlllh I x>iD(dA^ • o^A. I X9"'1ifl I 4,a"i I iDXAf t 'tfl 1 X
ittjh I » (Di-n<: i hniuh • nhno i j&a. i 0**'A. t A- I ^<7ll.}i I A«»'A. I n}i I *)(! I d.CFt * idOA- < 1) ix i
naif I J^n> 1 X'7tl.X I ^9°Ah I diU-Vfi ' ^)- 1 A'H'flf 1 huo 1
«5 Jiy^fth:] h »«p ras a? '""A : oJflAA :] -ic s
R I rtXTtLN :] AX7a4-a-i< : I MK :] (iMtXt : R as fi4Mrao' :] cD.^aAr s
in>'A : I Jl5^0n^t :] 'th ; ei + a>XF'th'H-ah : c | io«
fl» : I ton/fj!^^ t] (Dli/V*Jt9' I R (♦ int lin) I fih^ii-af^ : F I tttHa I
FHCG 26 X<7».MikCi 27 X7aM/ihC: R|(0XAAA: FHCG|
tOMrCi. i PHCG I tOUJiitit I a8 a»Mt :] om at' R I A-H41 CG 'ft- R
IX I OiUMi'^: R
H : EXODUS
^ Y js.00o^3i • • loXni' » hat I d.if-1- 1 Aiiflf I fli*}^ I wrv*
IX a— II
hfl»- i:»?ii. I hji • ^<7tl.X I l-hdHl I fi.a . MA4h • ai^.n »
i4:+ 1 XA^ik A i idA,J*>1-i » idid
Un I K'THA'fldbC I dJ(-<^ I tDfM, I Ivifo I ^Tnc • hm.h-tt
jbC • H)i^ I M.a i 9*j('C I *> aii-ad I xiif.x • ini^ i nA^:f* i
Tfl^ i iDTi- i tf-A* iTt^AA • l-aK • iDX9"}k7A4 • f.Afl I CM I ^n/"» 1 h0o I K/P^ »
}|9»MA4 i fjl!* I hhi-K^ t h'flA I Afl'i ^C^? i aiA.iL)P> i
AAlf-n It 8|DjE.n.A-««»' • Mn.hi A<»»-rt. i idAI^O I l/^tf I
A1fl«^ I ^Ah i 3kJL1fl«»»* * fhflof. I X-fl I atfJMCP i «»•* i
a»-A+ I A«7|i I n4>A-aP I i<.C/»'T I iDfl^XruD i on JH» • » fli^.h
HHI lAfl I A'flX I f QC I oHAi- 1 tf-A* I rf:l i <7'flXr i mj&h
OH'} I ^.n I AilX I OiMAA I Kit* AA^ i HJS.^A;h i -^fl • "Mh t
haoHifoh I iD^n I If 8 i M^ • nt^A• • t^a-^ • '7'nxr a i«oi)
/'•K. I A«ioA » K-M • n*jt-iio 1 A.(n I iDH<:s»» • «^a. • «a:AllVy"t : R H^t :] pr « R 4 XA^^AAs i"] pr ^t* :
c I iihi-Ki. : et 7°] XTHJi : I Hit :
nix R (item V 6) | (KO:] <0: 6 flrtu^:] O'l' pr cD R | om 7-0<:: |
kHH I xiH.)! I A«^fl. I " ID js.n.A- • hrmjh • A«^fl, • ^/*' • n
lt.X I >i9"Ah I 6-n^lin < iL>- i ;h'H-nr • hao i jS.0iiD^.]i I »x
A0O • fij&ML I nil 1 1.11. 1 hi I hijh 1 0DO'>r I ohh-t I A-nh •
cDAoflj^^h I iDA^h'H'flh • hao t ^hr'C I huo I KAOis 1 h<^f 1
ID-A-I* 1 tf-A- 1 rjC-C I " ID^ML I X«<:». I Jk«.f > MMlTh 1 id
A/h'H'nhl I iDji+'T-A1fl«»"- 1 iDl-^+m+T I ^frC I "iDflM
'HI t O^-OMt i hiio i KC^. I -Ah I mdf I hao I J&^r>Sd •
A^f I ID-A+ 1 tf-A- • yjtC I "iDl^ I M+fl I ^Vib 1 AH
•Of I OihA'dJiP'^ • ^^ fl»Vu- • M I AHIf* I liPflo I niH. I
n^j/t « -niM I T* I iiA.ifii 1 h"7tf- 1 X9"^•fl^ 1
MAAh I iDtf-A- i il-nh I iD«Af- 1 fh4'A I t^A• 1 A-Oh 1 idX^A
4 i n-t-Oitt I iD«A-i* I «h4'A i iD\.n>k I iki* I ■^n.l^ 1 j^idX:^ i
n^A- 1 iDjs>0oiD-i- • <«iDH«{.cii • ^li I K<7ii.^'(Mi.c • hr'oa
JE-+ 1 ^c/"> • hti+p-ah I X'lAAU' I ID-A+ 1 h-afH- 1 « idh;^.
^1 • MAAU- • ID-Ai< •
13 om aifitUP : — A"***/^ : I ' una et eadcm lit i6 fi
^WO:] «nle ^ m I lit (A vid) 17 (hll-nf:] ora f 19 AAt^flJk]
1 1 miH-f-oo' :] XAov : X' 12 a>A]f IQ : | X7HJk i bis] XvVLMUM: i R fhcgr
(a- CR) I XHH :) 'H : FHGR ilCa^ : C | A«n>-A :] + afAACl « C 13
•aOJ^fii R 14 O^Ml.:] om a I «»«»0'l'?:] pr H-ft*: I om y"JtC: R
1 5 affiiili, :] + L : R I Ml-flTh :] Ml-Omh : pr | toA^hll-ahZ om %
R I fflX+tfrtf^: R I 9'ACi] XiT'' FHCG 16 «C*.! I h«n> : a"] pr a» I
IO-A1- :«•«•:] nH-A-: R i7 «»9<:) + h: I «tft:] pr a» R 18 ai
i;0- :] om I nzib :] llZtb : HO HZti, : R | a^:A : -am : COR 19 A9
TTO «ft+*T1: et + a» R 1 mutt:] .'let | /fit^: i ] +Xf|(n>: | «a
0':,^J!'^:1 ord inv 21 XVaA-flffUI X7ILN: O hie et "indeab hoc
Tersu usque in locum 16, II fcrc ubicumque Grnecus Ki>p hat>et." DlLtJ«.
4
a6 EXODUS
IX aa- o ""**" " "<"^*^ ' MiLK'tUh.Ct Ho^ii « A*A i JkJLh i ah
'° ft+ 1 «•?)& I ml&i™-"! I n^^ft- 1 ^fl I tf-A* I rf:d I l-flfri ^fl I
AilX > iD-^n I X7A4 1 iD^fl I tf-A* I 'YdC i HiD-Ai* i f"J^C a
**iDA9(h I <*<»'A. I Kfrnih I OHAi* I A*fJ& I OMDUfi I X'TH.^'fl
«lbC t /f'A I atttdf. I oicrxl* I KAT- 1 ID-A+ 1 9"JtC i athma- 1
X'7ii.^'fl
»XA& I A'^hA I '^n i hmLhUiluC i mj&u^X I Mh I IDA.)!.
h-1 1 ^A I Mn,h-adt.c 1 n^jjtit • ©aaw • ©JkiCiioh*^ •
IDA.^I'IK:*!*'^ I ^lao n s*iD|B.n>A- 1 <»^A. i A/.C/'7 • Afl i ID
9Mn* I \r'tnc i AAdA i KA.? I '^n I \itt.h-nd»,c • mrux-x •
;*'A • A'7ll.A'n conj 27 X7a4-a(fu: :] pr
n R|n^LeL : i** I XA^A,A • flhoP • ilCT 1
li'nwMiAhC I A0"*A. I
» mf'^lv I X'7ll.)k'flf»+ 1 Aif-nr » T^^ •
33 ^A: 34 fOAOnfi-'tti] punct inter f et ^ (item cap lo t i) X a (Ift
4*lifl«»*:] liflp*: sup ras 3 Mh:] h »up m y | s^'ltlt
30 JUly"C: FH A\^C: CGR 31 trtri:] trtft: FH tlft: CG | phcgr
(ny, ('flDj R) et atfnyHl CGR (et hie et alibi) | :^«7ft^: R | ^Lflft
As] ^hnii: FHCG I tH-am: CGR | ai^AAs] atAA: fhc a>t^a:
o^tAA: R 3a toncifii] + rts R I A-tH-OT: FH A-tH-dm! CGR
33 XAtlh 1 1 OTHiyt •'■ I om Mh : R 34 fOTKy J] "HVy i atfUJt 1 1
0AOa^1%s] (D-Xi:: 000^1:: c x i An;] +AACFI: C 30
h-jPls R | Ajf^tt R | tM:
R 1 1 ACtf :] + 0A,t4»- ! (HA.' R) ATM? : 4 rhU-Of :] AH-O : h
«n»:Ri
aS EXODUS
ID f.ttPid I I^A- I -tdd, I Hi*d^ I a»•A'^ 1 9*X:C • Hik^^iC. i
n^A- I ml^nAd I t^A• i do i HK-n^Aho'^ I I0-A1- • 9*J('C I
^•Jt*; I l-iur • uhr'hao » li>. • h,Cht' • AOUh**^ i aiA.}iA I
¥f^ao I lk«7A^<»»* I hr'hint i -hiLT*- 1 dHA+ 1 yjf C i XAh i
oaf'* • liA.CP'i I htlh I <^H. I Irhttft I ^Ik) • Hi: i dMI^ i
iLV- 1 Mlh • h0D I f,OaoX:P I AX'7tl.M' 1 1*^*J?r I huo I +«ii7»'A1* i n-at: u « idxid-/"*' i
A^^A. I idako I -^n I A.cri • iD^rtA-*^ • itcn i a'^-a •
^ « Xl'l'<»»* I ^A 1 +#hA" I ""A. I ftl
A I aiMt-ti I Ol^^<•^) • )WiiD-C i id9»AA > >^«^V I iDlki^AW o '»Ml.A-<»^ i ^cn i A<»^ft. i aiUhtn i
am™-** 1 haoH I ^'7li.^'n«li.C 1 ^-AA.*!*"- 1 Vtf- 1 h.^h<»»-fl 1
hi,liD\lii^ 1 iDl«P)&ll<*'y. I >i>ir<.tL I hao I Mi.+ 1 ^flbAf I
4 «nm > 5 fiMrt !] A sup nu Y- I HXt»]fX:1 pr «: + Xj;r: R I aztb:] HZIk: fhr hzii.: cg | -niM: f
HR 5 Chr^i] l»C:»-s R I on. ir£d.tR I Ht^^:] 'CA: CG | om 00:
R 6 iDH-ft*: I xnvh: FHR | t^:] pr X^ R | Xfth:] pr ai R | Hts
OAt: R I }iy»10:] Xy"*>o»: R 7 "VMl.!] +1-: R I G | om Aao'A:0AA
cn ! 2° CG I a)t0^9> : R I iwf. :] + a»«»f. : (om R«) | Kltop- : XA :]
H R 9 o'&H'tf :a»AX«l : R I *^AW s] pr H FHCG 10 om iC
i»-} : G I om Aao-tl, I fOMitn : CG | X7IL4A- 1 }k'7ll.^'n«li.C I hao-H I A4-;h I hfJn I
AAOA 1 0vA. I a^•G i iD-Ai* 1 A<7I& 1 afhfKh t ^'7tiA'fl«h>C t
V4-A i ML-n I AdA I fRC i tf-A^t • f-h.-!- 1 AAi- 1 (otf-A- • A.
M" • }iAh • K-adi I mull- 1 v^A > htLn • v/^^ 1 Ahtam »
n<: I i-flxr • •nih't i t* • (odH'ti • iiiir*j?,-*Xii« • a,m • h
•^O- 1 K*}!!"! I ©^y'frl^tU' I XAOi: 1 h"7ll« 1 " loh W 1 7* •
A*"/tC 1 fli*7Ai1* 1 f^jerC I iDflAO I tf-A- 1 'nbC 1 *"frC • id
t^A- I «<& 1 dA t Hi-^iC I X9°n^- 1 toK'f'Ci, I AfloATA 1
ll^A'^ t A0ID* i iD/i^fhi: 1 (oA.iD'A'h • U'A* > 'Vd^ 1 Hi^hA 1
ntf-A- 1 rfL'l. I -l-lMt I " iD-M^K 1 n>A*0o. 1 1^11 Ain* 1 4>J('0D I "knwMiAhC i.^9°A
1nll0o* • iD^n.h0x I '7i<4>nA- • Klh I (.IMA. I <}^ I AOAf •
IDX AP • *)(! • "hrnOt I A9°Allh0i>* • jS'AA A I "hnx • 117*^ n
^0 miDiih > 0^ A > }i9"^n I iLc:/"» I iDXAf i ')n i }i'7ii.^'flii<^A : R I a>&A/ht ! 17 XaAf : 19 AiliaA'«»^ : R I ore Afl^'A : a»AAC1 1 CG 13 afiHi'j ; fh | 9* AC 1 FHCGR
2"] pr wo-ti-fi R I om ¥&! R 13 Mb-A : I"] pr ihUHX^' R I H-A
X: FHG H-n: c H-AZs R I ^\t :OAt : I fflH-fr!] 'n: R m a»AJV:]
a»a»A/i : I M-A- 1 AJtA^ ord inv R | j^n-p :] Ajaha»-1 : C 15 7R :
y'AC i I HtC^ s FHCG I aHL^ri.^ : R I /htii : — 7-fl» :] HOflr : a>-ft
t : dt^ii. ! R 16 oiT-'M :] (DA7*'M : R 0X¥ml : C 17 t+AA* :]
hdX-:C\ Mh :] Mt : I fi-XlUL :] 2 : R I ^7IL^ :] XTtU-AdU: : 19 A
TlU-AdvC ! M-A !] o'd inv R I OO^ : CG
30 EXODUS
H.iT^'nA.C « An > A^Cn I mK^Vao' I Ajl KA^^A n
. .»^i0^a.A- r ^<7tl.M«li>C I AiivA. i M-Sti i ]k5Lh i anAi* i A
nf» I iDj&M I xrAfloi" I fl^-Al- 1 rf:c • i-nif • xrA ai^fl>
ft»irD. t H»f< I mi-OaoarP I AX<7il.h'flkAU9"i:1f|0iH I H+#h/tT- 1 lD7'P^1n0vA 1 1^
/*'h« 1 9"AA.1fl0»* I **fD^a.A* I 0O-A. I h4,Cf'i • hAH i M'^ •
•J-^ • l-tf-fl* I hao/^'PdHr I im-flC I AAlll.^-nrli.C I hfA
hV • "OfllMAAVl I f^dh 1 9"AA.) I loMfhl^l » iDK9m- 1
XAiio I hriih 1 1>/»Tk 1 Aim/'-V*^ • Mn,hHA.C • ^i^A
h) I aii;Mii I A.f A9°C a 9"i1r i ^Ono^ i A}i'7ll.^'n hAh I '>nX';ii I Uf a ^^ iDhX"»0 1 X'TH.h'flJi.C I AH I
A<(.cn I iDhnr • ^cip-f ov- • Aji«t t xa^^a a ^ atf.fu^ •
^CP"} • Aoo-A. t I Chiih • <<70o i Mh •
>* Wft-fl : OA^ : »3 'lA** S 94 «l»lTjWl«''»*ft :] P»nct inter (ID* et A
FHCGR l\/h£ :] 'C S R I AC** : CGR | IDHirCi. l FHCG tO/LtiJ. J R »o a»
AfrlO: ai R-A«»«»t! 1°] 't: I «'-ftt» »'] <0: R +»■«•: CO | »ii
«n»t; a"] 't: O om R I HSCaohhi] Hfo»dftft: FHG H/C<>»A^A: R
H^t70i^ . c 22 Ji^l!«. : R I ifiit : FHCG 23 tOKS^Ji. i R |
a>XiiP:] 0j&O.Ars R | KmhaO-: R I om ^it: R | Ml£>AAA:] om A
R I nCO s] .ncyi : R ^4 a»t8«n»* s FHCG | (DiT.MKn>'A :] a»^t»
Wi^(t'. c I tl^A.: R 1^A.s c 25 om A^C/nsX^n: o | l<:tB"
(11 :] or.l inv R 26 A«n»^TOt : I y^t s] 't : et + o»-Jlt : R I td«»?*!
FHCG tR^/it J R 1 10»/fc S FH 27 om ACt* : XA&Mi S G
MtiHMt: 31
turn I. Chjn I 7Xrr • 0X9^00 1 CK>ll > ^lao I taooht' a ^
" iD^fl,A- I 00.A. I hir I i^^Ai-Clirh 1 Mh • i»-A+ 1 iKh a "
> iDj^lkA- 1 Mtt.h-nih.C t liao^A, » l^ , hdft ,aD^u>9-t i xi i-s
n.i- 1 fl»>i1lli«i». 1 AATI-fl I fh-tah;hti 1 £ I K9"hAh* • oi'llX
OfliH I X'7ll.'k'n«li.C I AAH'O I T"IA 1 ^f^oQ I ^-flit a lolkiD*
thtlPam- 1 oiIIoihA. i •nXA. « OflJ& i M i T4> i ^h^nv i I^K i
^n> 1 h'M.h-adt.C 1 I «■<:* • oilji I fltf-A- 1 9" jJ:<: • iiMt I Hh-Tu. I ^.
M I athJSMahf , j^-jh • Hh'Tu- 1 ' lDAt^A• • >i** • XA^A,A a
hA-fl I T+ 1 A.jS'AAAnv I AAA*- 1 }k9"A'nh- 1 loXAh 1 Mil
Au- • hiiD i ;l->i^C I flnm> 1 >lAflA • X'7ll.Jk'a«lbC • -TJihA i
'7'nx: < iD'^KhA I }iA^h.A a » otf-tDd't Yt/^^ I i;,iM> , -)
n»f • iDj&Ai^. . A.+ 1 iD^iiA-x • f Ji • hj-t- 1 oi;h'H-nh i j^mi. i
XI 5 H^:0»-<:: I Ml-:] + Mt : 6 miri \ nhno-. »'] + H.Mi
a8 XffB;] pr A R I a»}iy»h«n>:) om a> R xi i f^'imiuiv .j +X^ fhcgr
W s a>A«"» : j&O^h*^ s phcq | a^i* : co a ar}7i;aD* j fhcg i o
AUHfl"** 8] nXHfftn^ : 1 ^ftta»-rhft s] J&ta»/ftft : C tH-tVittti- : R pr ai | .
Hi-i i auoct t R I ji-oA : ('ft : CG) 3 AthH-O : riH :] ord inv r |
ota»/hftj»tf»' : R | -AJkA :] 'A. : CG ante ao-ti, 5 c | oat s FHCG | ^j^-
:ter]prAR S -ftt:]«A:R|a»17^^:R|a>JkAhi] +H-A':
6 if^^ : i'lh t R) I oat: R I IIA.M : tiflW. R | AA^ha**! :] om r
7 A.AAA«n»*:R | 0XAh:]om0 | jfJiy-C: 8 H-Anfo* :] + XA* : FHCG |
3a
iXODUS
I
Jttfo I 0 1 XIH.ii'fl A.C i AH • AA-ii^ I XTlU^i'flA.C I Ain»-fc « tohhlTi i fl^'ft'*! «
K^AflH^I I •Jnol- 1 « dinc I Atf-A- 1 *7'in<; I ft*+ 1 XA^JwA i
diflA-nB- 1 nOi#»-<- • AH I ©CI 1 ^I-IX 1 A-* I •flXfl. « •flXA. «
mo I nn I a>i" ©on • ii<»«»^ • aa • "t^ik- • aio • ♦©ax
0D I fl»*/h^1 1 Jun*-*** I >iA I fl»*A+ « fl.1* « fl»\.^1?«:K. I ^ >
mo I f''i'^ » ^AAitf* I HAfc I ll^<- 1 n-^'A-h I Ift VA I ASft*
f hhA- I h«n» I i&diJth. I *(i10 1 j( I 0*70 1 V^ao i +0*+ i
^Ihllfiii^ I XAh I J © 8 1 ATI I atCi I (Df^f:Cf* > tf-A- • -fl
•Mi I •MflCm*- 1 AA*+ • XA^hiA 1 ^iS" I AClfl 1 ' iD^l/*'!*' 1
fl,-i* I -^n I ^n A*?» I » ©>in AO' • z**;*!)' • n»i • A.A.-1- • t-aa i
7 anlrt
Xy*H:^^C: FHCG X^ACs R I fflX^jMiUs FH | »fl»-J*:] »fl»-
FHCOR M; F XaJjfXs H nm^la cgr 9 Wirt^Oh*"*! cor | ai»o«:]
t»^C? : X" * »«^*^ «] X^a»C:> s R* «»C:> s R" 1 Jl^»o»-*'* "Is
FHCG ':> R 3 a>W4.: Rim^ts Rlfrts] post ■flXfl-s R|»™ ■«
M.i a" R I lit: G I om "'nn: FHG I AA:] AXA: FH pr a» | o^iM-i]
oy^^f. ; FHCG 4 om I R I *lM '• H^t S] o'd i"* » I Al^^* : ('♦* 5
C) I AAXZ I Wftft* S] P' H 5 MO i 1 1] om FHCG om I R spat reserr |
tnd+sH*«»t:] ord in» R I X«n>&^! ("c) DiLiM. XaoMfii R | ^|^
A- : FHCG 6 atfiJtCP i] fO^dtCJiP I FH atfiihCJtP s CGR I H-A- ; 1
om 4n« : R 7 ^^ :] X^^*"* : I '"'ftt : ''] P' «» I nAdP* i X7H • tjn^h- • XAud I 4-A.
hth I AX'7ll.^'n'>a i Y^A- • nw-*: • ny»jt^ • i-n* •
XT'A-flK I KAh I MAA a aiKl'flC • fltA i ^9"t^A• i K<^All'h •
^•fl* I M • ^nwMiAts: • " t i " fli'l*h''>hflo- 1
•i*A-i- 1 -muk: I S«TL-'I* i AA-V i ^^li'f i -flA-h i hfh.'fif
irhoD- 1 iDlf-A* I IfllAO I •fl/h-K I A-1-A(? i ^Ki: i )9A i X9"}k
A^h.A I Jk^OA'l- 1 ♦>!'TL-> • AAh i AA'T* i X • " fl»*A-h i ♦'S
"Vf « 1*Aiio^ I ♦i?,*Ai* a iDdAi' i A-fldl* i tXfVnaa- 1 *Jt A+ 1
iDtf-A- 1 l-fl/. I rfi':R i» AHt: R|O^J!-is) »"« A R 13 H-C^O "Hlts/Jy":
R 1 0A&Kr :] fl»Aiftr : R I a»A^h»': I rtt*T*m: R M HtsOAt: R I tWlds R | ait7
OC*': R I A9! R «S drtt: «'] 't: I om Mtii^A: R I N^ihUn:
XA^AA : R 16 a»drtt : bis] "t : fhcg | rfi^n :] ay-^dft : c | n/n
•M-t] A.t7nt : I at:] m*: F PtrHR nintsG I H^^rmf-:] 'C: CGR |
5
34 EXODUS
Y n^ , AY^A• I Wll I AQ/h-fci: • f-H-ltti- « Ahflo- • " d«Hl«P •
XII 17 — 23
AHi: I 'VKHH I hhao 1 HHi: 1 dht • XoHAIh 1 A'^j^Atlov •
Xyjt<: I l-fMf a aitnUCP I AH* 1 *A'> I tt'iMAlao- 1 A*? 1
HAIA?" • "di1*+Jtflo. I -l-MH* I hrtht I Oi*--*.! iD<:fl'0- 1
AH I iDCt I H^-*f:ao. I X9"AhC i 'I'flAO- 1 f K* 1 XAh 1 hao 1
^ ID 8 I AH I idO I }iAh i ACll I "8 • »A'l* i -Oih-h • ^.^^
iA4:-;i.A • hf^v-c • diNm • t.t/.+* 1
^»•JC■Clflflo• I ""W-A* I ■flrli-h • A/l-OAO- • flt^A• 1 tfor^Jt'^flfi
flo- • S'Kf' I -n AO- a " aiKohdPao- 1 ii«»«fc • A-0»* I fh{< I l/^h* I Mlao' 1 n'70 1 flfl • H
-?.fl I iiA^.in I ^iH-i- 1 ^9•l»•^•l•• > >ii9" i ii-^n i •^'^•i- • xj*
OhVI: I a>^ I KAh t ^X-ilA I ^ tDf,aof:1i 1 }i'7ll.^'fl«li.C 1 him >
^*T*A-flo- I A'l'flJf I ai^&h?- 1 AlD•^•i: I fL9^ 1 |D«A+ « P^C
^./f'-l- , iDiD«Ai* I llAh.lf 1 I i-im- 1 IDJE-I-OII'P 1 hlllh-n
A.C « A^N-fc • -Vh^' I iD^.f-^ft"» . A+;»-A. 1 f.t\\ 1 1D.A+ 1
18 Qf^i-i] {• et C una ct cidem lit | (D^OrO't] L >>it l>t> Y* 19 fDljttei
82 O^Ct : R I d.7H^' ! R (i«em V 23) I ftt : 23 O'.WAn : | A+rfrt.:
FHCGR rtn/htt :] HO' I jBt7nt s] 'C : 17 Ot-OT :] pr a» | *aid» : R | m^
tli* !] MA : C I A7 s FHCG 18 Xy»OAt :) 't s | Ji^fthC :] Jk^"
ACh-i|8Ds] «'! G ai fflRo*-
i»fli»« ! I om a»;ici : | A*X4-7 :] AM-ft- : A' fhcg AH-Arco* : A' R I l^A- :]
pr m R 22 X^it !] + AHfl ! FHCG | -ff^^X «»] 't ! et + ftt : R
IT^s C I ^C4-*:] '*: et + -ff-its R R I )itiA.lP0O': (item V 23) I •ff'l^*! 2''] 'ts R I X^fl»-Xi::
2"] day I ftt 5] + fOKWao' \ A,tlA. s X^a»-XlJ : ftt : c | ^M A :] ^0
R-* 8 R n •ff'tt :] pr ¥? t ! R ! a»A.^t/h^? : R
iil'iHBUfi 3S
XII »4— 33
^O-A-J?,'!!!!©- a Mhf a -^IDA^llD i flMloo* i tthH^ , y-j^-C ,
M'l* I XihflhoD. I h) I Mtt.K'ttdt.C I A)l0o- > hlUh-tttM: I
HVnn I d4>'fl 111* I A>i'7riA'nfii.c • fihw • h-fl^-f-**- • Af.*+ 1
•Vi • K-fl^-tt a mfA'i • ATI-0 1 dirt7ft i " iD,h4. • ©l-iH. i A*
4> I AA^^.A I nhoD I Kil|i0o> I X'7ll.^'fl
SA.1- . flitf-A- 1 WitC I MAA a «'afl"i/*'h > i.CFJ i HA.
A.-1- 1 iDtf-A- 1 Ofl^* 1 iDtf-A* 1 l-flX* a idM I hfl**^-!- 1 Ofl.? i
ntf-A- 1 ^JflV. • l-axr * Man I hAP I n.'h i IIXAH i fl»-A*-f 1 1
^•fli.+ I »» mf.iD'f'^- 1 4«.c:/"> . A^^-A I (DhhCi • nA.A.-l- 1
©^n.A-«»»- 1 'i-^/^h. I lovh. I }kr;iit'tf'nf • M'i-«»-y, i ©114:+ •
XA^htAY. I #h<. . iD'IrOaof.'f* i AKlH.^'flHi.C i K9"Alllfl<^* a
nhoo 1 •l-fl.A- 1 ^^hfnVn'^t, I aihAU9*'i:h«»^ 1 i/*'h. « oi
/h^ , iDHClfh^ I h.^P a » iDhXTA-flJ"*^ i 'I'flX' i AATIfl i KA
39 47f^: 30 y»ai.1'!] ^ sup ras
24 HA7:] Hit:*?: R H^A:(h7: et post fiihltkovi G | AO'-A'JMl FHCGR
oo* :] pr a» 25 (DAXoo :] <>m A FHCG I j&lMltK"** : I om ;si ! I om }i7
lU-fldi^ : 2" I Hf nn :] Hhoo : inn : C 26 .^Ahov : fhg 37 X-fl '
jPtlPtf"*: I A«n»!*t/lr«n»'!) pr X^AH-i : «{.CP"J : R + A7IU-n/M:: R
29 «»»•«■:] 'flr: 30 itv-^-nOMt] ''Vi •fi.: FHCG ord inv R | ftts R |
y»ip-t! CG(7) 31 ^t:] pr a» 33 Ai^iHA:] A^4*: R I Ji^Ads
7-flit".] A^i4':AA<^A.+ I S')k+ I XAno I HKlflA I ^-0 Ah. 1 JiflH*?!?**^ » l-nXT 1
aiA.tiUA* • WX • fliM-fl*- • A-«^ • /*">+ I AT-T-> i "^w^R
X."^/, I gX I (4 < 90D'1- i Oidh I If-A* I '^^A I h'Tll.h'ttth.C. 1 X
^Jt<: 1 l-IMt: 1 A.A.+ 1 « >iy»*^i«» • **n+ 1 Ohhii 1 Ah^M.
3S A>Afl'l'P ■"■' >l'">^ '■' (^ v'*^) 39 if •fl^tiA- s] /h ex rh.
emend Y« | ia<: ! »"!> «* I A^ff'Tl* !] 't ! 42 Otnl^ ! a"] ex 41 emend |
.ftiti] loeo A r>s I lit
FHCGR 34 an^K. s I .^tn'iiX ! FHCG | oBjfhCflO' : FHCG 3S a»»ft+«o-diA' !]
fl'to'diA'! C OAHtrdiA". (om a> R) GR I 4l<C4's» hfl»:«IA{. I alt^A• • "liAr- 1 Kfi-n^d 1 K^^ku- 1 ^ j^Vlii 1
^h-"* 1 Arh;f A I whtV-C I OiAlf 1 f-aoKlt 1 -^fl.*!*^ « "oiT
•flf* I fA;* I ^A^h.A I attao I hHHnD* i }k'7ll.^'n " atW 1 (IjS'K-1: 1 dA'1* 1 loKiiHd
^ol». I hin.h'ttth.c I AA4:+ « }kA ID J^fl>A- I }i'7ll.^'n(li>L' I Am*- A • » ♦«■ A i A.+ 1 tf-A- 1 (1 xiii 1-3
tf-^ 1 +>!'Tl I tf-A- 1 flHA-Jt « llj^^'Vr'h 1 1*-A- 1 Af"A 1 hf^f.
ii* > }iA^h.A < WiMh I KAh • X^AA • A.*!* 1 axK-M 1 > id^
a.A-iiD. 1 0O.A. , A;hii'fl I +iihc«p 1 AH-fc I *A^ I X1+ 1 a* •
43 O'^ftA'O'**:] 0«»* int Hn V | Hfl»JI : 44 V-OC ! I lOfiht : I om V 4S
46 ftl- :] ftt ! 47 •»'»nc :] £ i FHCQ 48 tai-nji s I Aj&anO 8] ^ sup
ras XIII 2 /h^Ai I hHi-Mith^'il-aXt] £'k6il\r' sup ras 3 ^fcft:
43 Jfft* : R 44 aJH-A" S] om id R | -^^ : | -nAC : C 49 */h* s
tMi I AHi] om IDA C 51 atJitD'^liao' t] om ID XIII 2 ^ifaii
FHG I a-A":lD-A'J!-:] om JfA-s FHCG IDID'A'^: R I Xfth:l +|: FH pr
ID C 3 fl'lXho'*' :] .lVP-»Ml(i^ i R I >i^-atM :] Ji^Jtd s R | \y»
ftt :] pr ID R
aS EXODUS
_ Y haoKh I iwtfo I nxit « Mn«i I -AIM I Jin • w-a- • h^n. I \.Clkfr 1 hdVUn*^ I ai\.KA i
♦Jtno I h*7#li^<^ « X^Jiiw » +^T<- 1 *7MI. « 1*hlD«l I ^fl.> I H-t I A4^l-1* i
/.>. I A-OK I hao I f.Oaoft:f i AX'7ll.^'nHi.C i hP^AJio^ i h
Oh I ^KT'Ch 1 1*/.*Jt 1 Xiao i +A7*A1* i l-fMf a " fD^ahPo" i
A'l^ii « oiAKcn 1 -^n • i,cn • ©^iua-*^ i /.en • a«^a. •
flA+ 1 «n»*^ • Kll**^' I hh I +«hai'<- 1 •aijMI.A- • <^A. i ^A
A I aiMHii t toMi^Ui » »*hfl»«C • fli^AA • A*** i rnhVPi
^) I aiha'7'V.) > iDhAU9"iA I XAnv I n'^A i ^'7H.^•nHl.C i
iB-li* I hrMni n "iD^n.A-'^ I 4,CPt I Afl^A. « fflAACTI i
f-Xfl I hoDll I h'Tllh-ttilyC • ^AA.Il'^- 1 S'U' i tUf^'^'A i
4 Kitttn t 5 ^hAl A sup «s y | mirCi. :] Htd^ s 6 ♦*
FHCGR »«n>}fX!] pr «; + Xj?.?! R I 0211.:] HZlfc: FHR HZlfc: CO | flH"*8 F
HR 5 CXr^i] IXrCJ'"! R I <>"» td^: R I Htd^s] 'CAs CG | om Ms
R 6 0H-ft'i|Xn«hi FHRI»J!'(ni;]pr?k^R|Xnh!]prO»R|Ht!
OAt! R I X^»in:l X^*A«n»! R 7 •»XH.!] +l.s R I AA
d: 2" CG I a»t0"»A**8 R I <"**■!] +a»«n»>.:(o'na'R*) I Al^o^sXAs]
H R 9 fl'^-H'tl : a»*Xt7» : R I X^lhl s] pr H FHCG 10 om i.C
pti G I om Aop-rt, : (DAAin ! CG I XflU-d/bC + X^'thft""* : R I
*^ X, II — 19
IX i ^cn a " ai^n.A- 1 X'7ll.h'fl 1 IK i
A^JtC I ID*7AV1- 1 ^JtC I flinAO I tf-A- 1 "Id*: I >"JtC I ID
if-A- i 9<& I A4 1 »+<:<£. I iirn^jt • ai;^tc^ • rfui>>A<^A 1
ohMr I A0a»* I 0iA.h(hi: I iDA.iDA"0D- 1 KflAfr 1 ^f:ai> 1 K'TH.^'fldi.C i.h9"A
tltlov- • iD^.a.tlao- 1 i^i-^'flA- 1 }i1h I ^ML3i 1 '^^ • hflAf •
0iXA» I ')n I X*?!!.)! I h9"Allh0P- • (D^AAA 1 K9"]ir 1 IN"^ a
» iD0i«K 1 op. A ' }i9"^n • iXifl I iDXAf I ')n I 'MVLh-^AhX: a
" iD<^m I rnviMiAhic: » ii-ii 1 \r'nihc • on.f • 0)/**^ • hh
12 ^Jtd 'C : 13 ySii i I ^t : drtt : I J*A : a«>] 'ft : 15 a»«7
ftf t : I rfiOvil'^A s R I AAitffit : 17 MM : 19 AAlOo) s] 'ax :
1 1 ^-in-o*- ; R I om rt«"»'A ! a»rtACl : CO 12 tofj^a s FH | ^jtc 8 FHCGR
21 pr Ha>-ftt : R I om ¥i: R 13 *1WI: «"] pr /fif<:X^ R | »^
t\ FHG a-n: C jfrtlf : R I ^Xf.OAt: I «»«•«•:] '<»: R 14 a»rt>S/i:]
a»a»A/i : I Wft- : »An<: :] ord inv R | jAnt ;] A.^hfl»-T : C 15 7X :
^*C 5 1 HtC^ s FHCG I attu'f&.i. i R I fti^^ : — 7fljf :] HOft* : «D-ft
t:/h4>^: R 16 a>'Fh1ii\ at/n-T-^t R 0X¥m>: c 17 t+nft-:]
ft^<^ : C I Mh :] Ml- : I fiiM.1 :] K : R I XTIlA :] XTtLA-flrfhC : >9 X
7IU4MU::i4-Ai] ord inv R I oa^: CG
30 EXODUS
lU^-nrfbC i An. i A^cn • mKi^fa^ > AA4;4' • }iA^h.A «
. .«} 0f.(IUlr V ^'7ll.Jk•n'h I fl»-A+ 1 ff:C « 'MX" • Kfiun^ i
nf/iaohll a ** loA^fh 1 ^J^U* • iio-A. 1 <»*A-h 1 A*^^ • at
, W I JCAnol' I di#ac I ^fl I tf-A- 1 rf:C I •?•««• I i^A-A I
AA+ I «» mKCM 1 ft' • h A j% i mhM • H+1/^h 1 Xy»Ahfl- •
tf'A'A I AAi* a oiAlf-A- 1 fAi'¥ 1 KA^^AA • flCU • nt^A• •
*)(! 1 1IA01. 1 **iD^Ohpa»' td.cn I A0p^i idAAO I iD^fl>
/l-ff»- 1 «!»<. I a»'tOanft:f 1 A^'7ll.^'nA.tCA : FHCQ a>A.t^^ : R 20 a»
imtH a» lf«i«n»t: i°] 't; | flJ-ftt: a"] M :] H.nn>dM: FHG lirCa»A^A: R
H^tTW^" 1 C aa JUW : R | flt^aoif . pHCG 93 OIJL^ZJL J R |
'BAilPsl oif^kiei R I X^nnaif'! R I om ^f^*: R I Mli^'AAAO om A
R I noi •ncn s R a4 0t0oa« ! FHCG I arvrgi^i^a 8] a»^**
JiflB-rt s c I tl^frs R l^fc: C as om A^Cn:Aiin: G | W: tU-
(11 o"l inv R a6 Aoa^TOt : | ^^t :] 't : et + OJ-X-F : R | tt^cyjt.:
FHCG tRy"/lt : R I inX-i*' : FH ay om A^4+ : M^A.il : G
iitinshtt 31
^ aij^a>A- 1 h'Tn.hHA.C I Ano.^ I "J^, , hth+ i0D4'i»^i* I XI i-s
lfliii»- 1 ^ftA I tf-A- 1 Oh^ 1 ^iDdMiiiv I •oincp'flp* , jf^
"1+ 1 (DhlfHop- 1 AATI-0 I ^A'ha»-;hA • £ 1 X9">iAh. I iD-flX
A.1- • }i9^Mi^ I 7«Pf I •04.C I iD0iC4> I iDhAQA 1 >ididiI
Piio- I X'7ll.^'n«h.C I A^hU'd 1 1»1A I +Jt KA^^A a
hA-fl I Tt I A.^a;)iA0p* I flAAV I KT'A'nh. 1 diXAh 1 KIA
Au< I h0i> I ;^^^C 1 aomi i ^A.flA 1 X'^H.^-nji.C i1\hh i
'7'flX' I iD«7KhA I AA^h.A a * wS^M^t tf-A-oin i A'fcf' • *)
fl.f I iDf.ii1fi. • A.+ 1 atMU^X • fK 1 hj+ > AH-nh i J&JkH. i
XI 5 H-A>:fl«-<;: I Mt 8] + Mt: 6 aH-A>! | llh<7a-: a'] + UMi
28 XoB :] pr A R I a»Xy»hfl» s] om a» R xi 1 ^^imhoiH :j + Xyo fhcgr
W ! o»A-rhA ;] ^ta»dift : C ^At7i)iA< : R pr a» 1 .
flW ! a»aic* : R | o»A-nrt : Cfl : CG) 3 rtAfl-fl s TIti :] ord inv r |
«»-!*a»/hnj»«n»' : R | >nXA> s] 'A. s CG ante oo-ft s c | Oat : PHCG | ♦jf
ai>:ter]prnR 5 -At :]«!!: R | do'}?.'^ : R | 0XAh :]+ }^A' :
6 X-Mk: Cfh: R) I OMi R | HA.M:h<^tf': R | 0iL^h-<> I AH I (DC') I f.'i'Hh I /H:|•n^A.l•n}lA.•
nio I nn I a>i> I omn i huo^ t aa i 'dik- i fl'7o i ^idax
no I fl»«/M'» I hao-'i'ti I XA I fl»«A+ 1 fl.-l* I iDA.J&f JtK* • ^ *
mo I jti-u I rftA.li- 1 hAK I H^<. I n-^'At^ • iftvft I hM •
rhhA- I hup I j&oije^rK* • ' fl'70 • H 1 0*70 1 V-^ao I •^a^•^ I
H*}iia1- • f-XfUnao- 1 XnD^A^ , trl/^h^ i •MAh • • ift^h.A I W t ACll • ' ffl^l/*'!*. i
ft!" I fl»J&|lfr • iB-A* I ^^Hl- 1 g • fl»-A+ 1 yc<-« I Aa»-ii+ ,
n.'l* I -^fl I ^nAdJP I "dij&nAO' i /»';»U' • n»i • A.A.-1* • t-aa •
XII a tif^fi-i R - 3 -(IXA.: I"! 'As 4 A-ffii*: FHGR 5 Xa>>dOf :
7 «Ht8
}k^H:y"AC: FHCG hF'JtCi R I aJi^JMill! fh | hot-^ti] lifo-
FHCOR jf«; F X(0]fAs H 40X:As CGR 9 *^^0»1«»*! COR | OOOtf:]
t»^C? : XII a »iP-*^ s] Xy»a»c:!» : R» aic:> : R* | Xy*Xa>-^t s] "f :
FHCG ':> R 3 a»Wt! R I m^t: R | ft-ts] post flXA.! R | om 4|
XA.! a» R I lit: G I om foaa: FHG I AA:] rtXA: ph pr m | av^M^•.]
oyt^f. : FHCG 4 om I R I hM I H?t :] ord inv R | a>^4l : (!*- 1
C) I AAX2 I rniAr:] pr H 5 070:2:] om FHCG om J R spat reserv I
tnOtsH*"*^:] ord inv R | XoD^: (sic) DiLlM. XaO£.ilfi,. R | ^i^
A. s FHCG 6 IDS'iACy !] C^4i ; FHCG
SffHsFHI
Ail 9~~*o
A.'1-An<> I }t9'iih u (Dlihaofi I If •!•<:/. i K9*ku< i AVIU i hiD<
rh^0»- 1 ID ji'^>.h0i>- 1 Ohn'V I ^l^oiH 8 ai+A+'71:h7^K< < ^Ai7D 1 4.A.
ho- 1 AK'7il.^'fl A I, w-A- 1 ntf**: i n^jt<: • i-ax *
hT'AUK > XAh * MAA n diK^-flC • n4>A i ^9n^A• • hlMl't i
1-fl* I M I K'Tll.^-fl A.C I » (D^ln-l • TIfty I +hy<: I Alliio- 1
ohhi- 1 K'fl^'lh I ')n I UAnHhim* I OV n athiJi?' I AaHKi* i
fuy I oiKhJ^hmx 1 wKf^hoht i ad*!*'*:* i ^.iLhuD. i A+
+T*in I An 1 XP'HMl'P I -9.0 1 9"Jt'<: i l-IMf i " ©-"Mfrllliiw i
iiAA'i* I -hiiiK! I iD'Ti'flf- 1 niA I hiiKhnth,c • ni: I floor
4A.1fl(n» I fli? I If A'^Ar I a'iMlao' i M'l: a " % i AA-I* i VKi- 1
^HAO* I aihao i +>S«l-l- . *A'> i ;^"7AV• « -O/h-h i hr'h-af
•Otoo. I |Dt^A• > IfflAO I -ath-h I A'l-Af? i ^h-fc I V€:A • h9^
A^h.A I ?iy"OA'> 1 ♦'S'TLT- 1 XAh rdA-l* i % » "id*A-I' i t'l
'TL'T* 1 1-AiioJB. I tJ?,'A+ B iDdAi* i A-fldl* 1 1-Yhlhoo- 1 ♦JtA+ 1
iDtf-A- I l-fl/. I (Im!A I A/l-liU* I n-l: « IfMflA I tf-A-i IIJE.-l'l
i6 ^-fli:] r
a»' : FH a»4>fl:»'i»ihfli»' ; c a»4»ftty"li«''»* s g (i'4>hl'<^))
afi R la OHt: R I OF'Aii] om R 13 "H/Jy":] WViAy.
R I AXdJkfO a»X&ftr: R 1 a»*.^ha»-l:] 'fho"*! R | «n»»u»¥t:] 't:
post JSAHav ; I ti1r*l^m : R 14 Ht s OAt s R I IHW s R | a>t7
OC**! R I A7: R 15 dAt: 1"] 't: I om ^tsl^A: R I X^/hUA:
XA^AA : R 16 a»6At s l>is] t : FHCG | ,ti<:A s] "y-l^n ; C j *.t7
•nt :] A.t7At ! I ntO mt! F 01::HR amtsO I Hfi-IIM-i] 'Cs CGR I
5
34 EXODUS
All 17 — 23
h9"f^d I i-iMf a aitn-acp • AH* • *A'> i fl'JA-fchiio. • *•? •
ATI I ©CI I H-1*+J?,'iii»- 1 K9"AhC I H'ttfiilh I VX+ 1 XAIl i hno »
^ 01 8 I AH I iDCt > \Mi I ACIl < ^*g I dM' I -fl/h-K 1 A.j^'1*
dh-n I ID•A•^ I h-n^'iiiioix « iDif*A* > h hap i -aih-h * air Ac »
f-M: I wh I ik*7ifl<: 1 ^A^•^A i k^^pc • al^9•ll • vt/.* •
N^Jt'Chflw I «»Y^A• I -tttluh I A.'l-nAO« t flH-A" « ao'^fzea
m» I V^■^ t 'flAO- a " w^OhdPao. 1 m*.^ 1 aihCT} 1 hKM-l 1
KA/»'h. 1 ^/»'/.+ 1 tD9:'tt!hP »
K^lrth 1 fty I H-^fl I ■Vh't I (P^tTf I i9"ai->i'i.- • f.r • ilin • •^'^•i- • >%r
ohiifi 1 0.^' I hAh I ^R-n/h I ^ mf»in>f:\ I ^'7H.^•n«ll.c • hoo 1
^♦•T-A-flp* I A'7'flJf I atf.d.h?' I AlD•^^: 1 A^ t ahh-t 1 ^C
^./f*."!- 1 tDOhhi' • liAh.lf 7 I ^1H-1- 1 idP-1-i»|1«P I X'7llA'n
A.C I A^Ji-t 1 •^'l-l* I iDKf-hf:'i 1 A+xi-A. 1 f.nh • id-A+ 1
18 Ol>>-4ffs] «(0Z + 6At: R 19 ff:] Ad-O: | OAt: i •fl«frX:A^
t<:h-0 !] ord inv R | Jl^^ChO"* pr 01 R flJ-ftt : y»^ClH"»': C
20 a-flr: 1 ao^ASna^t] '^V^naK^i c «?'t^C»inOid}i0i> • ^(kA-tioo- 1 0*a-
Jthiio. I y-l-^y. I H-l: 1 /"CO-V • ^ -t-afiiPao- • ao/*'96-t I
4 lll'l: t A>i'7ll.^'nrli.c: I llhf.V > h'fl^'r-0D' 1 Af.4!S«h.1* I oiW-A- I ttlt'd t MM a '^W'l-'iA^h « AC/"> I nA.
A.-!* « iDtf-A* J Oflfi-'U I aHf-A* J 'I'flJl* a iDjiV 1 hiO'f-t 1 oQS >
nif-A' 1 9"^'<: I i-Qf: 1 NAifn 1 ^An > n.'^ 1 iihAn • (O'Mt-f-'i •
rfli.+ . »' . A«»-A I afAKc?-} I flA.A.-l- 1
atf.a./lr'^' I 'l"}/»*h. 1 oiVh. 1 hT'Hill-at 1 M-l««»«»'y. I tafAii' 1
XA^JwAVl I #h<. I tD-i'Oapf.-p 1 A}k'7ll.^'fl(h.C 1 hr'Mnh'^' a
nh0» I •T-fl.A' I ^*hnivn*i^t > iDKAor-fth*^ • I/**?!. •
*<• I wncxt-x I ti.^f a » mhKih-af"^- 1 i-ox" 1 AAiin • m
»9 W^: 30 ^ai.1":] y sup nu
24 HA7!] mt:/h7: R H^A:i)i7: ei post fih-Vaao-: G\AiD^j!^ phcor
ao-i] pr ID 25 :] „,„ rt FHCG ] ^IMlbOO*: | om JHt\ om N7
lU-ndhC : »' I Hf nn :] Hho" : mn : c 26 ^AAhav s FHG 27 ^41 '
jPtlPtf"*: I *»n»:4.tft'<"''!) pr K9'miU.CP'ii R + X7IU>fl/hCs R
29 (DU-A-:] 'ft"! 30 JiOh^-riOMi] '-V: XS FHCG ord inv R | ftt: R |
^(D-t! CG(7) 31 ^t:] pr a» 33 AAHn:] A^4^: R | Jiy-jB-i:
7-aif:] A^it:X{i<^A.^: R
36 EXODUS
Y |» n.A- 1 tf-Ai I laoaht t »* m'lrh • AH-fl • «h<{*fl^ • Mfih •
Xn 34—4*
Mflidiuno^ I h'7ii.^'nfl.^ I OiM-flf- • A-<^* « /*">+ « AVT-1- 1 «fli'tJt-
<:+«»»* I Aft4!+ 1 ^A i? ' 'i<^'1* > iDdh I If-A* I '^^A I hn»,)i-a,h.C • h
ri?,-<; I l-flX" 1 A.A.+ I ♦» Xy*^«» 1 *tn+ I ID-M* 1 Ah^ll.
^k'flHi.C I htm I fOhbh"^ 1 XyjC**: I l-nX" I flitl.^y • A.A.+ I
j&Ki: I d^ni* • h\n\\Miih.C > huo • f UAoi. i fAs^ » "htii-
35 «»AntO»'/hrt' :] <»• »"P init alius lit (rfi vid) 39 f>n/hA*:] A ex /hi
emend Y» | \(Ui 8 sup ras | rt*??*'V :] '1" ! 42 0^fl*F ! a"] fl ex 41 emend |
•Cits] loco ^ ras I lit
FHCGR 34 athfK- 8 1 ^tfl'** 8 FHCG | ffl»:MiC' s FHCG 35 (DXfltO'-fhA' 8]
a»1-a>/hrt.s C 0XAt7diA<8 (om a> R) or | •n{-d8aNDCt:0A^aA: R
36 A/hUn 8 XA^Aiii 8] AAHO- 8 G 37 X^l.F'fl : R \ ti*t»f s F Hh
ft H rth-^-8 C A#t8 G ftt:^'. R 38 (OHAf^di] ®Ht.CO«» fDAAf?^ I hrru- 1 7-fl{- 1 " iDtiV I nj^li'l: • dA^ 1 mhohb
AA I 'IJ&A-oo. a
^iDiE.n.A- I }i'7ll.^-n«fi>C I Alio. A, 1 9+Jtft I A.+ 1 W-A- 1 fl xiii 1-3
Ytd • ♦>5«Tl I tf-A- 1 lO-A-fr • nf.i,^-ai I tf-A- 1 Arfl I Xrii
4:4> I hiii-Kfii t hr'Mi\ I hAh 1 MAA I A.t I ohhii I ' iDje.
a>A-0D- 1 no-rt. . A;hii-n • +iihc*p • ah* • *ai* • xi+ • n-t i
flif hhim- 1 \r'^Jtk.C I '7'flX' I "MTMr 1 4*1? '1- • hAtfo 1 Khf: 1
43 O'^ftft'O"*:] <"»• int lin Y" | HOB/Ss 44 V-OCS | af^t: I om V 45
46 ftt :] ftt : 47 *y»nC !] <: •• fhcg 48 ta»-n^ : I JL^41A0 ^ sup
ras XIII 2 « :] om a> xiii 3 */S«»l:
PHG I H-ft':fl»-ft'je-:] om a-ft-: fhcg (Did-A-^: r | Xflhs] +1: FH pr
a> C 3 ^D1^»lln»• .*o»'»Ahin»' : R I Jl^-nawS :] \y"J!-<: : R | Jiy»
ft1"S]pra»R
38 EXODUS
XIll 4 — 12
•ttth'h I *hilao I nni: i dA'> I ^iDAh< • M^0d« i ttmC'^ i y
^V. I hViPI a mYhm.P'i a mh'P&f*^ a flih.f?*'} a ai;t.^a.
A.F>^ < a»%(na.Pl a 0I4CCII.?"} a HuDrhA i AAfl^tlAo- 1 him i
f UHifv I ?•/?:<: I ^1+ 1 •tah^h'V I *hA.n I mao'id » i-nhcv i
AJ&M: • /^ClU- 1 nn I md • • A^A i dAl* i fl'JA- 1 Ah^H.
^^•nai.f: • ^vh-t * l-a^o- * rtn-o • dA-i- » iDhjM'Ch,Ytir»' >
•ndi'h I iD;k.PilAr I •fl/ff^-l' I a>•A'^ s tf-Ar * AJ^'O^niim* i "01
.>H.1P0»- 1 AoHA'J^'h I nj6M: 1 dA-1- 1 oi'l-nA-«»"- 1 ttMim 1
1-ncr I h'VH.ll-fldi.C I MlLX I 7-flcr • a.'!* • hao I iDfWfh I h
rf:/. I l-flX: I »hfli» : iih-1 • Ah • -^hre, • d'll* • hat'bhU 1 li'7il.
^i'flrh.c I hr"i-a9: • "©d'Hij" • atii* i ;ii'7 s nn * ijuih •
h^AA^ • AdA^ I " mM 1 loAAh 1 }k'7H.^-n«h.C • ohM- * 9"
JtV. . MiPl a Mi- 1 0D,|iA I hhttVUn'^' 1 iDfDunhy i "T-
: ?Ur»«n>' : | tHhCT J] P^ «» I rtjBJkt :] AHt ! 6 rtAft : OAt
'A : 't : + tniiO' : S'M' : a^i-nOt : OAt : 7 a'/LffttCA-ho"* s] <»*.
fntCA.;-nh«n»': C a»A^fttCA.: G I «*.««•!] om ai R (« sup nui
I iit)|iV^h s | aJt-aft* s I
?k7ILX:l ante X7a4>(lftbC : FHCG(r) om R | om l^UCi 2" C | *in>: J X
r'Sil.ii hy-dAkii 9 Jk^Uti: FHCG I tm^O tHhC: R i" «»
10 AOA')*:] om n praep R 11 AAAVh: | owBUiPiy: la (OMAAh:]
o>Xy"Jk'|H^ta»AJt:R|
MV:HeAt: 39
mfiif, I -t-nd-t I Ah'7llA-nfh.C » " iDlf-A- 1 Uf'dA'^h i AfA • ^
Xlll 13 — 19
hf.'l-l i ^*'BAfn s nn'7d I tD\ao 1 A.idAT}||I* i ^'(UlfP 1 ID
tf-A- 1 an-/: 1 i-adi- 1 x*"fl»*A-jth i i*n,i«»» » "aihtfo i -t-tih
Ah I fl'-A'Jth 1 hVf.'^dii • /MiAh I r'>'l- 1 ohi^ini I li^iAh •
iD-1-flA- I Mao I niij^- 1 X"»d-> I h<0*dA) I MlKh-aduC I X
9"i:v. I l-flX- 1 fliXm.-!' I *1f 1- 1 « hflo • Xflf I AC/"! I d,
ijP'i-v I ID++A I tf-A- 1 ntf*<: « n»"jtd • i-aK . >i?"fltf-<: i A
■ah I }iAh I MM I oinXli'll I hV > Xi^o^A 1 AX'7ll.^'flrfi>C 1
tf-/»- I 'I-n*-!' I ll^iS.-1-ai I #l»f"A I iDtf-A- 1 nYhd I flJ-A-J?.-? I
WMI* : '"oi^h-l • 'hhf C « fl»-ftl- • >iR.h I iDii;t.jif.A,AA i h
f^JfuD I ii)61h 1 \hao I IHkJ?.- 1 »1d1- 1 Ao^AXV I h*?!!.;*
•nrh.C a " OlAn I d.if"^ I iJ.C/"l I A;)!!!^! i Kaodhoo- , j^T
If.^'flHbC I C-fl^ I je-Jk* I M
0D I je>a> I }k'7ii.^-nfh.c • ?•% * s!.%tiih i h^^hoo i cht * 4>^*a •
ID jS.7'fl}| I ID-A+ 1 ^flX: a " |Din-r><»»* I li'7ll.;%'flrh.C 1 A/lill'fl 1
AAA 1 Vr-I- 1 *li*A I AA^: I h.Cl'd' I ain:>rA I -Irohfiif: , p
Cl- . R4;+ 1 }iA^h.A « hne,-*: I n-ax i " aiV/*'h 1 «»• A, I Ad
ff*"-tU- 1 AP-A.y- 1 ?"ftA.U- 1 Mao I 0D,hA 1 AJTAA-""* i hf,
*+ 1 XA^h.A I mf^a,t\r'^' « Ann 1 •%ah^ 1 li'liD-xhin*- , AT
n,h-aih.C 1 1/^h. I Adfff -l-f I mhofdh* • *"AA.h«»"* 1 hr'
13 <»»•*!] 'A-! 14 ♦kPir:, ^ sup ras 1$ il^tl:] om | : 17 *
tii : I o»^P•n^ ! 19 «n»*h1 :] 'A t
toot 8 R 13 ®H-A" 'ft* : CR I A,e7t s FH KerVf; : CGR | ta»^ fhcgr
T ! R I a>X !] atfiao : ct + a? r | wittr ;] om a? R | tflOt : R 14 a»
AJMi: I ^Ah: i"] o'^ftAh: | om ^-(lAh: 2" 15 a»*tA:] om a» +X7
a4>0ftbC ! c I ay'.crd i] "n" n R I xiM :] pr na-^ ; r 16 -tuyi -. co i
atWJlAhkt] om H R 1 *0j&1th: cgr | nat-djoit CG | X7a«-ndi^:]
+ Jky"7-n» : G 17 ¥iVfttA.y" ! FH I ^ift* : R 18 rfj»A : FHCR |
fcCt^sCGR i9fli(D-X:fti(i'Xto<>o':R I ®»fl»-0*.:y"ftrt.»nn>':]ordinvR
40 EXODUS
Alll 20—22
DAt I flAfloV i (DA.A.i' I fiOT'f: I h^'lh a '' 0l^.AAA 1 09"|l 1
fttfoV • aoOMr t loKOV^f. • Ml" 1 A.A.+ 1 Xy»*Jtai» 1 tf-A- 1
XIV 1-8 1 fDj&a>A- 1 Mn,h-aih.c » A""-* i » ©nA-""- 1 aii44' • ^A
^Kfii 1 on-flh. I diMJt*. I MH<: 1 a,^<»-a I 'nhh^ * aoi
'\fA' I -W 1 OAC I » oijft-flA . i.CPl • nii'»+ 1 ft*+ I JiA^
' h.A I Ah-P I ^A•»* 1 R*+ • 2kA^h.A 1 fl»-A+ • *"JtC 1 ACh
fl*""- 1 A*A I * idAV I hXld I AH I AitC^I 1 mf'SLlT'^ 1
xy'^"*+Vfr • AV 1 • aiM/^A I d.CPt 1 If-A- 1 Adtii^o- *
atYi-if 1 ATin I hh+P-alf I ^•AA.tf' 1 ' fliV/^h 1 Jf 1 A^JIA 1
-^i-f I ©If-A- 1 ^*(»-A>A s C k^fo-tfl :
o I 7J!.A': PHCG | a>^<^^}lA:] (Day^hAi I nOAACl: FH 410 JiA
CI: CG •aiiiiMCuoM^'ii R 3 Ah-f-s CGRiMit:] Xop^
ts CG XA-TF: R I «"» 454+sJkfti-A.A! 2» 4 Xy"J!-i&lPin»' :] om
Ji7» et + AA4*!Jkft<^A.iV: R I a»fJt^fr : FH | om a-A-s R s atfi,
OA* : c I hoB : I^IJ***"* :] Hil«D-9«f o"* : c 6 om a-fr : 1° G | Aftt
:»flA: 7 rh«: R I a»»- I %A^h.AA I f 'tJ^f- • ahf: I Ad
Ai* I »fliR,Tij»»'»»- 1 ^-iMf I hr'Sirh&iT'^ 1 iD<:h-n?»«»»* I n
'in I -hiif >• I 0d17A I n;hc 1 oitf-A* 1 i.dh • lDt^A• 1 a^ia •
^CPt I Hi^ll* I M^d I iDliAaHA.&A i oollA • •a^^ i A.C? n
"fli+1/*'h I i(.C/»1 1 diW<. • R*+ 1 XA^h.A I fliCXJ&JP'^i
©Jt^dH* I ^-flX* I JMAIf «»"• 1 iD^Cil* 1 T+ 1 mhohtat. i ft
«4> I XA^h.A • -in I hin.ii-ath.c 1 " jK-n>AP> 1 ao^-Ap • uti
0% I htfD I ^.f uA* I ohM" I -fifh.^ I n-ax 1 AiD«fXhv • •>4'
•l'A> 1 lO'A'i' I njtoi- a a»y"}i*m I innch 1 h^u 1 iiho^f
iihv I hr-adud I i-nx- 1 " Miu- 1 no* • ^a* 1 u'l'flAh • n-n
iiu I n-af: • -iJtiv 1 i^-tvje. • hinf: 1 hAno • j^'ijs.AV • +♦
IP- 1 A^-fljf I hflo^i- 1 nnxroH a " flijE.n.A-*"' • «»•«. • A;h
•M-n 1 +Ac • a«»"*a. « a^'ii* i i-xct •
•Iftf I nA-«»"- . Aft** 1 hA^h.A I |11ft-h. I MAAlffl"- 1 "©
trt:T7X!] t ex 1' et 17 ex ^ emend Y» !
WJtt:] ?Afl»-t: 9 Xy"JMdi«f »'Et 5 R 13 a»t&Xt : R | om Mt s •• — Mtt.
MrihC: R I om Jilt: 1° FH ! ^7-OC:] + K7lUi-adU:t R I h"":] pr
H CGItiX^F*"":] +r^:|«7fl«':] pr a»XyTl: R|^fth:] Mhs
iSrt^^t:] +nh:R
4a EXODUS
XIV 17 — 24
iD^^nh. I f.'b* I liA^h.A I oi-Ai* I rriihA I QiliC t AdA 1 f
•tttl I ^7 0)?u- 1 M I XXld I AO I ti^cn I oiAlf-A- 1 '7'flX: 1
iDj^nahh* I J^')<&lf <^ I mhMih I h) I tti.CPt I fllfltf-A* :
fh^u* I afAdl^o• > mfllf-A* i Kr-^A.tf* i lOiD^J^^f. 1 tf-A* 1
n-ax » huD I Av I }i'7ii.^-fl«ii.c I •hAfl./hf • n^cc^'} > mnA^
Tiih I flintf-A* s ;k9^A.u< I » AAA i nDAhh I h.in.h-ath.c 1
Mf fhOHC 1 ♦JtflD 1 •>d)&1-f-<»«»- 1 Af.4:+ 1 liA^h.A « ©♦nD 1
hrK^&ffo^' I (dAAA I lirft 1 f!.tioV . li*"4»/l-*THr«^ » m*
an 1 JkJ-JM^&lffl-- 1 80 ©nK 1 •73khA 1 'l-*jR1-f-'»»- 1 A^-nX* a
iD«7}ihA I ^bt'l^'^- 1 A}kA^h.A I flili) : *^C, I iD]l*A0»'> *
fliA/i-ii«iii<. • nnj&«:ir«»' • w-A'Jr'-y • A.A.-h » "©Ar-rh •
0O-A. I ^j^l^ I ^.n I n;ihc • oixrji'h • AdA i n#iin • w-a i h
iL-fl I AdA I HAiC I ;i-v-d 1 if-A • A>A.'i' • flii'fi^ • An;hc > r-oA I
fliAmm I Ar7J& 1 !>>iDnh< 1 ^4:4' 1 }iA^h.A 1 <^}ihA 1 Q;IiC I
A*A 1 f-nA I ID«7J&A I M I A<:¥+ I nf •7S"'»»* 1 ©A^^i- 1
d^hC < ^^ ©An • tiV I d^'fl-l* I A>A.^* I M-t I h^ s Xm/li I ©V
'ao". 20 i^tie-k6it]}itl£' sop tiisY'
FHCGR 16 OTH-nT! R ■? o'" «i i" R | JS"t&lf <"»• :] + A^if : Ml^A. Ji :
R I ffl'nA<;7'ltll' : (item V 18 R) i8 a>f}i^{. I FHCG | »•«• :) H-frao" :
R I «:] +a»-XF: R «9 rt^t*:] A CG | ^op?:] +Z: c | X^.e-t
. ilfflix; 2°] n*' R 20 H-rtl;!-/!] H-1: R ai o»*A : JiftU- s] ord inv
R I a»A^«rA :] + Mn.H-ttib.Ci CR | om ^(HiitlihCi »" R | JM-O: |
If-ft. : FHG I A.A.t :] + o'H-ft' : "TOM* : (sic) R | lOV-nC s c 22 M s]
oy»^!] no'i
XIV 25— 3»
iDi&'7nh > *?)& * 4.n t '7-flX' I iD^n i a^iau* i m^.a i ooAi*
X-dViir*"- a " (dA^ Ji 1 3kR.u- • J?.fl I nAC • mhf.'r'^' I flAC •
ndA* 1 flun-f""* 1 >if»jt^<: • ian-f. • ^-nx* i lo-Ai* • aac i
oihATfl"- 1 fflMC""- » }k'7ll.^-nfh.C > A^-flX- 1 "TlihA 1 AAC 1
"iD+tfoj&m I AAC 1 fli+AT*»"* I JTAA 1 AdlA'tlf''"' 1 i»?"A
A • X-V''>3Lir<»»- 1 ID1^A• I 'V'A- « AAC/'I « Hhiio 1 noXT^. 1 ah
hi' I AAC I (dXAP > lH'<:' ii»;i«
g a 3> mahtef, 1 liA^h.A 1 «hf. 1 iD«Ai' 1 f •flA < OAC 1 aiAAC 1
hCV'^ I bTin». I hff,9n I aiJi^X-^9" 1 »»flih^"Kin»-i XT
ll.>fA/fi.C * AXA^h. A • nj&M: I »A'1* 1 }i9" hhMufii I }10D I T>i: I •7'fl]l' 1 ndfAi" 1 A"l
PI' I AAAc I '1 fucxr- 1 }iA^h.A i hf. I on.f I in-n^: i mu,
h-ttih-C I A'7'fl]^' a aid.CO 1 All'fl < n}k'7ll.^-fl«h>C 1 oiA^V- 1
nX'7ll.;k-Arli>C a mao-Mi, 1 llhdn^ 1 AMi 1 Ah'7ll.^-A(li.C 1
25 ffoMCt: I n^''r/n?k: FH o^-VpnJk: CGR | AdVAtlh: FHCG
ttCI'VtVao- : r 27 a»A¥rh :] + ox>^^ '. I AOA-P :] AZIMI- 1 C | Jiy"jt
•tC : 1 '•"> fD\\s:ffao- ■ i" a8 (0^AA : »f.%«f <">• ;] fflaofttfrOVtlf «»• :
G I IVI'CL'm FHCG 29 (fd'-A'^il (C^i^: C (item cap 15 v 1 "et aliis
(|iiibusIXf • maoHahC I M!t > AXA")?^f I OHh-l: 1
K^Aluf I Oihhrtt^ « XrAh.f 1 a»hh>6Hr t^hltt.h-ttih.C 1
J&4>ni4'T I e-ah I fli}i'7ll.^-n(li.C 1 iloo- 1 * Adl^^th 1 A^CC/"! I
loA^V'f I IDdiD I OHA-h I nihC I '){*^'} I aoM-KdV} > floD
AAA^ I fli+ATin»« 1 iD-Ai* 1 OAii 1 KCiri' * ' mfid.'tao' 1 •?
dflA 1 fli+ATiiw I ID-A+ I tAJE. I hao 1 X-ni 1 « fTih 1 li*7
II.K I -ta-Oih I n'))&A I f '^ I X&h I X'7H.K I AdtD^ao' 1 A
flC 1 7 flin-mfl 1 A'fl'h'th 1 +T4"Pbiii»-. « AXAli'>h I itVoHh I
aooi-h I flin A/'nv I hao t "nCd 1 " tottaot^A 1 cmil^h 1 iH*h 1 diKA-h^
XV 3 e4lX : 7 fl^Oth ! R I nCO SO 8 (DncBl^A : ] mmo-d-h:] Hft-d>h: FCQ Hit i (biMk : R om H
+ ai>'ft:iDai.A-^:XA<^A.^: (+Hft'&h: [Hit: ft-' R] FHR) AX7a^a
AC: (om R) a€:tfhti^^s (+MH:j&41A s rtX7a4-nftbC : nft-fh i Wtti'ttAi i C I 00DntX-M i G 3 <:At»091 :] 'I : FH
pr a»| fcCtd-s FCGR 7^?hsR 9 om ft^ : R | oXj^f •] aa»
TOAt? s a" R 10 <{.|o»-h s] Affh ! R + o«»lAAh s 13 rtXA s] XA :
FHR
MtsHeAts 45
.. ^ ^ . XV 14—32
in»« I d.'iX: I AnDAMni' i fl^A-fl i to+aohta, i tf-A-oo- » ^A i
Ah I fliM' I ;hil-nh I Til* I Ha>ifiD«h • "loaiAXrtiiio- 1 m*
A+ I fMd I 0p4'AAh I ©•A+ 1 J?:AXrA9" I tD*ifi. I " liAim i fih i AC/"I • fAA •
hV^Ajh 1 iDtfDA'I'jl'AV'} I aht^i• i flAC i al^A'^;|•fl^ i Ad
A.ir«». I }k'7ll.^-fl#h.C 1 •?? I nAC 1 diA45+ • liA^h.AA i -^A
4' 1 Jkli" I f >^* aiXoHAK i a»-ii. i id«A-A > h
A^h. A t %9"nfhC t A0o<4' i mmdf'oo- * a>-Xt s R fhcgr
16 Wil¥ : bis FH I ItniiMi i bis FH I -Hll: :] + aim ; fh | HAPh : FH
CO 17 OIOIAJSIuIO' :] om : ('V s
CG) 19 ^LCi*! pr tiaM' I FH pr A^'/^tU* ! rt CGR ] XVat-fldbCO
?i7HA : R I "7}ihn pr n | n*C : 3°] + a"»7^rt : ita^ i Od¥-V : Oft
^"1 ! o'O^S^'l" : nd7y" : C 20 a»f^;kt :] (Dtl^A'l* : R | "7CJPy" :
CGR (ilcm T 21) ; }k^ If- • mTdun 1 <^J& 1 aifl
uf • hchr- • Kf:* 1 0ir.^*Wi I aihrttc • »> j!^fl> • a^od i -I-a
9^6 I m^Kfk I ;^A 1 }i'7ll.ii-flfli.C i it«l«{h 1 idX-JW* • 1-1
•flC 1 lH'Jt'Tltf- 1 dl;^X^^ 1 1-JkHH i HhUHh i W-/I- 1 A« • HA
r'Khtt I A-iio. I A^-nX" I IkCV- I 'kdA.h I M i %'7ll.A'flffi.C i
oo'htl.h .n " fllflX'/h. I h.A>9" i iDOhtD, i Uf i X ID g i |l)&) i
Hn I ou^i'i- tm^t xnc+ • +«idc1' • T^i* I •7^-> I n+A+i «
XVI 1-3 1 fD'7AH' I A4;+ 1 liA^h.A I A9"h.A>0i>< i maoKh' > W-A-m*- f
iD'Ari;. I hA^h.A I oi'Ai' i I^SiP* i If A.V i oioi-h'l: i *7}ihA •
h.A-0D 1 0d.? I huD I OiP i mhCi I 'fDj&IUAPnv t a>*A*ll i AA
A.f :]HA.f : I (o:pao'Hi 2 H'ft':R | /hH-Oisupfas
FHCGR ay»^C !] ny"* : FHGR om C 23 rttt :] + "^^ : C | W^lh i] H !
C pr H R I ¥?!] pr at-M?t I om aOiCl 2° R 24 om tDHtT'CH-l
R I ^TM :] + aJ^ftrt- s 25 XflliU- s R j "^^ : 2°] "yf : | (OAy°«iC s]
a'A'n'toC : FR a'Ao>»hC : c a»*ir'hC : G 26 ^ft :] pr ai c | Aflj^h sj
pr H FHCG I X4f. i] *.^4f. ! COR | OV'llh.h i] A.'O'tilt ! c 27 A,ft.y" i
C My": R I latti] om CD FHCG | Ofi-H] om GR «»0t :"7ft:
c I HOiOH^t:] Hn:OH*t: (t: R) FHGR om c | Xfltt: FH rid-
Ct! R I m*: F I A'f'ii-M:] pr a» R x\ i i om At^tXtlCkiii I
iiy^ktet"*". FH 'flry": c 'rt,^: g '0^: R | (Dodr-A: R I H-A-s I <»■
rt-^ :] ^4+ : FHCG i Hrt.1 ! c I Ktey -. fhcr fcfl,^ ; g | om OrtV :
C I ii^Ad !] pr IDdfr : (pr Xy"H ! C) 2 tD/S-JT^T-t : CR I om JhH
•ns C 3 m^j FH I HOCti FH fr/hCt: CG Wi-I'i R |
Mt:H0At: 47
XVI 4 — 12
^*A I tf-AV I n-tn I i-JiQ^V a *mf.a.t)r , hin.h-ttth.C I Ann-
A. I Vil* I M i ^iDCJt I Ahoo- 1 'V'fl At- 1 }i^A*7J& i fDj^noJC^ i
HiHH I fl}^A'l^'3•n^ * AA I dA'l* i hoB • haolnCao- 1 Ahim i
f fhiD«{. I n;it'7f I fliXoD I hfiiO i ''aiAini > dA^ I OCil I /A'h
>!Aa). I ilh'flh. > jP.li'?0O' I hdtt'l' I AA i dM- > fl}MAAi*P
•flA I HAA I AA I dAi: n «iDjS.n>A- i nvA, i OthCTl i.Atf-A* i
;hifn • }iA^h.A I hrActi i i-K^f- 1 huD I }k'7ii.;%'n«ii.c I
'};h) I tt'tt'l'dT^ I n AdA>) 8 " iDjS.n> i ho-A. i ACh • jKiMlklmx I
li'^H.^-flffbC I A^P I -Tn Al^ I fliV7ll I l-nftt I XAh 1 •l-x^fl* 1
KAtfD I rt^O I li'7ll.A'nrfi.C • Vl-«<:ilin.. 1 W-C?i<: I H+f-I-
<:7*<. I M'tan- I flAAAtV a tOJi'M i y'^'l" 1 1A* i IDIIVI-C^
driifo- 1 flAdA.) I n+t'hd.T-i' I AdA i i.*n6lnao. n <>iD)&n>A* I
•^•A I MxCl • OA 1 Atf-A" I -M i +.^-nh. i fl»*A-|i i hA^
h.A I *<:n- 1 *j?.-A-.i X'VU.Jk'fl
3 Alto X sup ras 6 hfD^tXiOO' I 7 y^ll": (item v 8 R) 8 !>
CTdfiO**:] 'C»l«n>'! R :i ex ?• emend V 9 om ♦<;0'! — 10 XA&^Ji:
tCA-t: •* »>CJJ£?'">* :] tCW^i sup ms 3 litt v
»-A»: FH AH-M: c I nifl:] in: R 4 a»,P«"»}l'Jk :] a»^y»Jttk: FHO fhcgr
a»^1A. : c 5 Ort'V : i'] 't : I a»HAntP-n*. : cgr 6 tojutbtti fhr
o»jBft ; CG I nflCto : C | :fti9'^ s FHCG :fJi^fr : R 7 l>C:j' :
CGR- I HjMT-*:?^ : C'tem v 8 bis) 8 t>0 JiO* : | iT'C:)^: :) 'C : FH om
G I aAOA>} : 2"] om n R pr ;Sh : I AOrt !] pr »A 8 n CG I ^nt^tiav :] om
XfiO' 9 Oljaft ; FHCG 10 CDA'^rlv 5 CGR | tCJkf : FH tCM : CGR
II (D^A: FHCG 13 (onAroo': I om ?k7H.A-n/tbC : •" I
48 EXODUS
XVI 13—23
" iDChl^ • A'llt • hA^h.A I (DJ&IU I -fl^ A. • AflAK. 1 n^t 1
iB-X+TI I XA*»» I \.^h*"<. n fll|5.n.A-<»»* I «»»•& I TKB-X* 1 ^
•nft-l* I iiiDUflifi<»»* 1 X'7ii.;i'nih.c 1 h**" 1 'l••nAl^ 1 " ikb-^* 1
^A • lllifl. I X'7ll.^'n#Ii.C I h!Mr?-VL\x* « Xro*-/!** I fl'J'P
j&ln I (D'l^f^ 1 }kA^h.A n AA+jJ-fl
h. I H-fllMi I aiH-^Wi I »"idAA<. I n-Jl'C • mKiS:iJ^ >
AH I -niM I hii-tP-ah I idA.')x;i 1 ah • 'ifiT • hAi';>'flh •
•nXrti « -nXrt. I AA I 'n^fA' • hA-l'.^-flA a "iD/P.O.A-^- : AR
«fe+ 1 htii'h.fii I ID^.;^•'^C*• 1 A%o»9' I «> ath,A9'6f 1 A"""-* •
flijhni: I AV7W I tpoM I flijUi I ffl+jTii 1 o^ft. I nAdA>ir<^' 1
" athhi-P-tth- 1 nn^^o I AA I Chih t mhrho' I T* I tf-hli I
)&ru" 1 »fl»ndA+ I oca 1 ^ft+jj-nh. • hdn-i' • wc • aa »
If : iDOh. 1 tf-A- 1 <»"^'}'H' I •7'tflC 1 iDJ&n>A j» I A<»»*A. i » at
2* lt^f•.\'^^(iit
FHCGR M i] + lO-Wf 8 R 13 fflfty"? «] a»"» «* s R I a»ni7U : CO |
Xlh :] Mn ! liin ! HC 14 ^«+ ! R- I hUtht-f I 1 5 45** :] o^rt-^! I
A^XoD^. s HCR 16 -HiD-Xl: :] int : R I *.iV* t FHCG 17 *fttP
fl/l.:] pr a» R I tOHfh^mLi FH 18 a>A.^^^^: f | flipf : | a»A.i
XK : FH a>A.fhR : R a>A.-Ht : CG | •t^m : -19 AAi4' : XlU-Kii :] A<»-
ft-^ : iilti-Kii : R om G pr flo-A : | ffl»*.:f tCf :] om a» G 20 a>Aftt s I
©Off?! FH I <:hn' • m^^ • «• a^a • *a+ • +a
+j»'nh. I I dAl* I Aifl'l* i K«Tiy i ;i,-><:hfl' 1
"mh'^ I A-ndl- 1 dA'> 1 OHflidK • X^id«A+ i Atmi i flh««» i
ftii-p-ttif 1 0)^.<:hn< n «ai|5,n.A- 1 hiiuhndyc • a«»-a. •
ndAi' I 'iC-a 1 9*A«h • AtiAh. 1 AA^ 1 mf.'i-ac 1 •(IXA. 1 fl-fl
XA.+ 1 ohti-t I •7'^A<. 1 fl};^)&fx I hr'tndih » h*^ i *a+ •
Aini- 1 "'iDAAin+ 1 ATf-n • ndA+ 1 Ain-i* • '^mH'^f.p i
*^'iC I »»aije.n. I «»•& I ll/l'A I If^Hlf I MllhUilhC I h«» 1
1*?"Ah. 1 ^C I <»S* I Ohtli- 1 «»'^)&^'th'^ • All'WJtlflfl^ I
h**" I j&c^ifr I '^■flA'i' I HflAdh""' I Ml**"- 1 aifir 1 ;i««» i
as n7«y» !] 7«y» ! int lin v 36 A^{| : OAt : 29 HOAt : 1 4lXA :]
ante 41 spat 1 lit rasae | JL^IO^U*: 3a 'A: FH + inxft: (+7<14,: R)
CGR I a»0*X!] ffl'*.0«X: R | A-t^T*;: I lOA.!!*: R as ■flilO': I rtlnV:
nXviVMdu:'. 26 :^ft•l•p■nA.: 1 ;L'V<:)ia' i] + nv/ty" : r a; ntuiiD
«•» : R I nho" :] h«n» : I jPft tP-flA : a>A.<;ha : a8 «»yMb s] 4- f. : R | tAH
W : HalO ord inv C 39 C^f• 8 R I atomiao' ; i"] pr a» R | HOrtt : FHG |
om H0A1-: — (oarnioo': a" R I (D^inC: I a-flXAt:] «?iA! a" | XyiO^
Iffl"". R 31 hhi-Kki] pr o'-A'^: 1 1»«0 pr ¥i: | 90«:] M^t fhr
ai0av: \ /s^t: FH *jPft: C *jpt» G
33 11^ ji; FHGR -Hai-M::^ii: c | HAHH: R I 7r<:: CG | HMOXnn"'.
hlfao>i] HA-alOh-hoo*: c | tfo-dhHao'tWH.K^Mi.c:] /^^Kh^^^ao^l c
50 EXODUS
XVI 34—36
1VC I «<»»? I ©l-VflC I *«■«• • X'7H.^'n(li.C • Aft:**! I «»T
dA I lih'HnfiM'^ 1 "XA** I h""!! I httH • X'VH.^k'fltli.C 1
A'*'*. I atMtth I •J^ I rW-Jt**" I «"Cm'C f h*^ • J&->*J+'fl 1
** ofA-A • hA^h. A • nAl^ I <">? 1 9 1 ti<:9*i' I hAii 1 j&nx*
ih I ^jt<: I ')n I fmc * aao- i <>"? i XAh • js-nxr/iHiftaiAi
A* I "fl»^fl"C 1 1 1 XJt I MC • *^AACl* I liKt a
XVII 1-6 1 !»• I HA.V 1 niM-d^*}* «»• I fl^i-A I Mllh-ttiM: 1 ainXTHi. I
^^X: I idAap I uf I Hjs-A-i: 1 <^f 1 ' id^Xh i ihtm 1 a<^a. >
iD)&n>AP I unv I "^f I MIA* 1 iDj6n.A-«^ 1 «»•& 1 ^•»+ 1 •>
^XM* 1 hjf I lD;^*^MflCJ»» • AhniLh-aiihC • » mx^^Jt. • nwf •
AlHl I r^f I mMXn-CP I A«»*fl. I iDft.fUiP • A*^1* i K
ohlKM I X^^-flit I h<» I ^¥1rM I y^AA i fl^A-Jti 1 a»/*
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